有機蔬菜連作與輪作組合之研究

Study on Cropping Systems of Organic Vegetables

吳純宜(Chun-I Wu) ； 蔡永暭(Yuong-How Tsai)

《高雄區農業改良場研究彙報》 17卷1期 (2006/06) Pp. 42-50

https://doi.org/10.6958/RBKDAIS.200606.0042

摘要

本研究目的係探討有機蔬菜栽培時不同前作物對後作生育與產量之影響，以作為有機蔬菜栽培實施輪作時之參考。試驗於同一塊田之不同小區同時種植15種蔬菜及一種綠肥作物田菁，作物收成後，全部定植單一作物，由後作生育表現與產量結果，看出輪作組合之優劣性，並以此為一輪作循環。試驗自民國86年秋作開始至92年春作止，共進行六個循環，後作供試作物依序為芹菜、青蔥、茼蒿、甘藍、毛豆及萵苣。結果顯示，芹菜、茼蒿、甘藍、毛豆等作物，均有明顯的連作減產效應。毛豆若與芹菜、田菁、芥菜、萵苣、青蔥等輪作可增產41%以上；芹菜若與青蔥、毛豆、田菁等輪作可增產40%以上；茼蒿若與芥菜、青蔥、毛豆等輪作可增產20%以上；甘藍若與茼蒿、莧菜、青蔥等輪作可增產10%以上。青蔥及萵苣連作後反而增產，青蔥若與其他15種作物輪作，產量不增反減1－26%；萵苣除與青蔥輪作時與連作區無顯著差異外，輪作其他14種作物，則減產1－35%。以養分攝取觀點而言，前作種植毛豆、田菁、青蔥及萵苣有助於後作芹菜增產，其中毛豆及田菁為豆科作物具固氮效果，青蔥及萵苣養分攝取量較少，此兩因子可能為輪作增產的原因。總之，在有機蔬菜生產體系中，青蔥與萵苣連作較不影響產量，容易連作減產之蔬菜如芹菜適合與青蔥、毛豆、田菁輪作，茼蒿適合與芥菜、毛豆、青蔥輪作，甘藍適合與茼蒿、青蔥輪作，毛豆適合與芹菜、萵苣、青蔥輪作。因此，建議在有機蔬菜輪作體系中，適時加入青蔥及豆科作物，將有助於增產。

關鍵字

有機蔬菜 ； 輪作 ； 連作

並列摘要

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of rotation sequence on vegetables production. Fifteen kinds of vegetables and one kind of green manure crop, Sesbania cannabina, were grown at different plots of the same field. After harvesting, one of the crops was chosen as main crop and planted immediately at all plots. From the development and yield of the main crop, what kind of vegetables is suitable to plant as previous crop can be known. During 1997 to 2001, six main crops had been planted as follows: celery, green onion, garland chrysanthemum, cabbage, soybean and lettuce. The results showed that the yields of continuous cropping of celery, garland chrysanthemum, cabbage and soybean were decreased significantly. The yield of soybean increased more than 41% when it was planted after celery, mustard, garland chrysanthemum, green onion or Sesbania cannabina compared with continuous soybean. Forty percent increase in celery yield was observed when it was planted after green onion, soybean or Sesbania cannabina than continuous celery. Twenty percent increase in garland chrysanthemum yield was observed when it was planted after mustard, green onion or soybean than continuous garland chrysanthemum. Ten percent increase in cabbage yield was observed when it followed edible amaranth, garland chrysanthemum or green onion. However, the 1-35% increase in yields of continuous green onion and lettuce rather than after other crops were observed. In the view point of nutrient, the factors responsible for increasing yield of celery after soybean, Sesbania cannabina, green onion and lettuce may be due to increasing in nitrogen supply and less nutrient uptake. In summary, green onion and lettuce are suitable for monoculture; celery is suitable for growing after green onion, soybean or Sesbania cannabina; garland chrysanthemum is suitable for growing after mustard, green onion or soybean; cabbage is suitable for growing after garland chrysanthemum or green onion; soybean is suitable for growing after celery, garland chrysanthemum, or green onion. We also suggest that putting green onion and legumes in cropping system of organic vegetables at right time will be helpful to increase yield.

並列關鍵字

Organic vegetable ； Crop rotation ； Monoculture