栽培方法與品種對薏苡產量之影響

Effects of Genotype and Cultural Practices on the Agronomic and Yield Performances of Job's-tears (Coix lachryma-jobi L.)

曾勝雄(Sheng-Hsiung Tseng)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 56期 (1997/09) Pp. 51-60

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.199709.0051

摘要

本試驗目的為探討栽培方法對薏苡農藝及產量性狀的影響，藉以提高本省薏苡單位面積產量。採用台中選育3、4、5號、本島在來、岡山在來、台中1號等六個品種（系）為材料，於1996年春作進行試驗；第一部份係於二林、草屯及仁愛等地區比較品種（系）間的差異；第二部份係檢討機械移植與直播間的差異，同時研究栽培密度的效應。試驗結果顯示南投縣仁愛鄉較適合薏苡生長與栽培，仁愛鄉屬山地鄉，薏苡生育初期氣溫低且隨著生育期之不同逐漸升高，有利於分蘗數﹑每平方公尺莖數及每莖粒數增加。生殖生長期晝夜溫差大，有利於稔實及成熟，因此每公頃產量高達3,542kg，比二林及草屯增加19.4%及16.6%。薏苡之栽培法以育苗箱育苗，機械插秧，行株距30×21cm的產量表現最佳，比旱田點播之慣行栽培法增加38.2〜43.6%，其增產因素得力於每平方公尺莖數及每莖粒數增加，惟由於過分密植，可能會導致植株徒長，容易倒伏及病蟲害較嚴重等不利於薏苡生產之因素，仍待今後繼續研究與改進。

關鍵字

薏苡 ； 栽培地區 ； 品種（系） ； 栽培方法 ； 產量

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to clarify the cultural effects on the agronomic and yield characters of job'-tears (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) in order to enhance its grain yield. Six cultivar/lines, i.e., Taichung Selection Yu 3, 4 and 5, Taiwan Native, Okayama Zairai, and Taichung No.1, were grown in the spring crop season of 1996 at three locations (Erhlin, Tsaotun, and Renai). The first part of the experiment was to compare the growth performances among the six genotypes, and the second part was to study the effects of machine transplanting and direct seeding, along with plant spacing, on the agronomic and yield characters of two job's-tears cultivars. Experimental results indicated that the climatic conditions at Renai was suitable for the growth of job’s-tears as temperature increases with the growth of the plants which is favorable for tillering, stem number per unit area, and spikelet number per plant. Furthermore, day/night temperature difference at Renai facilitates the fertility and ripening of the grains. As a result, grain yield of 3,542 kg/ha at Renai was higher than that at Erhlin and Tsaotun with differences of 19.4% and 16.6%, respectively. Grain yield was higher for the machine-transplanted job's-tears at plant spacing of 30 × 21 cm by 38.2-43.6% as compared with the direct-seeding treatments. The high grain yield was attributed to higher stem number per unit area and spikelet number per plant. However, dense planting might result in lodging and disease and insect-pest infestation, and proper management was therefore suggested.

並列關鍵字

Coix lachryma-jobi ； cultural area ； genotype ； cultural method ； yield