西方草藥－紫錐花（Echinacea）的栽培與利用

Echinacea: Cultivation and Medicinal Value

邱建中(Chien-Chung Chiu) ； 張隆仁(Long-Zen Chang) ； 秦立德(Li-Te Chin) ； 勵鑫齋(T. S. C. Li)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 73期 (2001/12) Pp. 43-54

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.200112.0043

摘要

目前在全球相當風行的保健藥草－紫錐花，北美地區的印地安民族用為有效提升身體免疫力的傳統藥方之一。也由於市場對於紫錐花相關產品需求量的不斷上升，目前紫錐花的栽培面積在美國、加拿大及歐洲等地亦不斷擴大。然而，為了增加農民、產品製造商及消費者對此一極具市場潛力藥草的信心，較佳的栽培方式、其相關高附加價值產品生產程序的標準化及品管作業的需求均仍有待加強。紫錐花可利用種子、分芽及根芽等方式進行人工企業化之栽培。種子播種為最普遍的栽培方式，播種前將種子經層積處理約四至六週（1至4℃），可明顯改善其發芽率及整齊度。在肥培管理方面，紫錐花可生長於經適時灌溉，並做好雜草防除作業之肥力中等及排水良好的壤土或砂質壤土。於溫帶栽培的紫錐花根部，可於栽種三至四年後的秋季採收。而花部的最佳採收階段，至今則尚無定論。此外，其葉片雖含有多種活性成份，然與葉片採收技術有關的文獻仍不易取得。紫錐花所含的主要活性成份包括有：多醣體、黃酮素、咖啡酸衍生物、精油物質、聚乙炔及烷醯氨。本文亦包含部分在台灣地區（亞熱帶區域）的相關栽培資料，試驗資料指出亦可在台灣地區栽培且生育良好，並含多種有效活性成份。

關鍵字

紫錐花 ； 種子層積處理 ； 活性成份

並列摘要

Echinacea species, a popular medicinal herb throughout the world, have been used by indigenous Americans for hundreds of years as an effective immunostimulant. The cultivated acreage in the United States, Canada and Europe is increasing because of the great demand for Echinacea products. Better cultural methods and standardization and quality control of the value-added products are needed to increase the confidence of growers, producers, and consumers in this promising medicinal herb. Echinacea can be propagated from seed, crown division, and root sections. Seed stratification for 4 to 6 weeks (1 to 4℃) before planting can improve germination. Echinacea thrives under cultivation in moderately rich and well-drained loam or sandy loam soil with regular irrigation and weed control. Roots are harvested in the fall after 3 to 4 years of cultivation in temperate region. The best stage to harvest flowers has yet to be determined. Leaves are a source of valuable active ingredients, but no information is available in the literature on leaf harvesting. Active ingredients in Echinacea include polysaccharides, flavonoids, caffeic acid derivatives, essential oils, polyacetylenes, and alkylamides. Some of the information in Taiwan (subtropical area) is also included.

並列關鍵字

Echinacea ； seed stratification ； chemical components