有機質肥料施用量對稻米品質之影響

Effects of Application Amounts of Various Organic Fertilizers on Rice Quality

李健捀(Jiann-Feng Lee) ； 陳榮五(Yung-Wu Chen) ； 陳世雄(Shih-Shiung Chen) ； 蔡宜峰(Yi-Fong Tsai)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 74期 (2002/03) Pp. 65-77

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.200203.0065

摘要

本試驗目的在探討不同有機質肥料施用量，對稻米品質之影響。經由試驗結果顯示，每公頃施用3噸或4噸菜籽粕肥料，其水稻碾米品質與化學肥料栽培者相同，但每公頃施用20噸雞糞堆肥之處理，在一期作之碾米品質顯著低於化學肥料栽培者，顯示每公頃施用20噸雞糞堆肥，於水稻生育後期，其礦化之營養元素仍不足水稻榖粒充實所需。經由相關分析結果顯示，白米直鏈澱粉含量與米飯硬度呈顯著負相關，與食味總評呈顯著正相關；白米粗蛋白質含量與米飯黏性呈顯著負相關，與米飯硬度呈顯著正相關，與食味總評呈顯著負相關；白米凝膠展延性與米飯外觀、口味及食味總評呈顯著正相關。綜合兩期作試驗結果顯示，施用有機質肥料栽培，白米直鏈澱粉含量均顯著高於化學肥料栽培者，粗蛋白質含量則相似或低於化學肥料栽培者，凝膠展延性則與化學肥料栽培者表現相似，顯示本試驗施用有機質肥料栽培之白米食味品質均有優於化學肥料栽培之趨勢。參試品種間則以台梗9號因具有較低之直鏈澱粉含量、最低之粗蛋白質含量及最高之凝膠展延性，因此其食味品質最優，其次為台農67號。

關鍵字

有機質肥料 ； 稻米品質

並列摘要

Field experiments were carried out during the first and second crops of 2000 to investigate the effects of various organic fertilizer on the growth of three rice cultivars, i.e., Tainung 67 and Tai keng 9 of Japonica type, and Taichung sen 10 of Indica type. Six fertilizer treatments were conducted in this study. Experimental results revealed that the milling quality of rape seed meal 3 tons/ha and seed rape meal 4 tons/ha showed without obvious influence compared to that of chemical fertilizer. But, the chicken compost 20 tons/ha chicken compost showed lower milling quality as compared to that of chemical fertilizer in the first crop. It means that nutrients of mineralization of application of chicken compost 20 tons/ha were not enough for the grain filling stage of rice in the first crop. Experimental results revealed that the amylose content of milled rice was negatively correlated with hardness of cooked rice but positively correlated with overall sensory evaluation of palatability. The crude protein content of milled rice was negatively correlated with cohesion of cooked rice but positively correlated with hardness of cooked rice. It was also negatively correlated with overall sensory evaluation of palatability. The gel consistency of milled rice showed positively correlated with appearance, flavor and overall sensory evaluation of palatability. Experimental results revealed that rice produced from organic fertilizers had higher content of amylose, the same or lower crude protein, and the same gel consistency as compared to chemical fertilizer. The milled rice of organic fertilizer showed higher eating quality trend. Tai keng 9 showed higher eating quality, because it had higher amylose content, and lower crude protein content, and longer gel consistency of milled rice.

並列關鍵字

organic fertilizer ； rice quality