蒜種貯藏溫度與栽培時期對大蒜生育及產量之影響

Effects of Storage Temperature and Planting Date of Seed Cloves on Growth and Yield of Garlic

蕭政弘(Cheng-Hung Hsiao) ； 陳榮五(Yung-Wu Chen) ； 郭俊毅(Jiun-Yi Kuo)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 76期 (2002/09) Pp. 1-10

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.200209.0001

摘要

為探討不同植期及植前蒜種貯藏溫度對大蒜生育及產量之影響，以和美種硬骨蒜為供試材料，於2001年9月13日（早生栽培）及10月23日（適期栽培）分別將經過5℃、10℃、20℃及30℃等溫度貯藏30天之蒜種種植於彰化縣大村鄉，以30℃為對照，期能探討植期與貯藏溫度對蒜種萌芽、植株性狀、產量與品質之影響。結果顯示5℃、10℃及20℃貯藏相較於30℃，不管在早生栽培或適期栽培，皆可有效打破種蒜後休眠，其中5℃及10℃效果最佳，萌芽迅速，但對整體萌芽率之提高並無影響。蒜種經5℃及10℃貯藏處理間差異並不顯著，但兩者均較20℃及對照30℃處理莖徑變細，株高變矮，葉數及葉面積減少，單株鮮重降低，惟其營養生長期較20℃及30℃縮短36－40天。產量、球徑及單球重則以30℃最高，其次為20℃。以5℃及10℃貯藏的產量最低，但可提早39－42天收穫，抽苔率及無瓣蒜率亦高於20℃及30℃。5℃貯藏爆蒜率明顯高於其它處理。不同貯藏溫度處理間對瓣數差異不顯著。適期栽培時，不管在地上部營養生長或產量品質上表現都優於早生栽培。5℃及10℃貯藏在早生栽培時較30℃減產70%以上，但在適期時僅減產25%。因此如果以大蒜產量為考量，應以30℃貯藏蒜種，並於適期栽培為最佳。若考慮產期及產量，則可以10℃貯藏蒜種於適期栽種，可在少量減產下達到提早收穫之效果。

關鍵字

大蒜 ； 栽培時期 ； 貯藏溫度 ； 生長與產量

並列摘要

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of different temperatures (5, 10, 20 and 30℃) for preplanting storage of seed cloves for 30 days in two planting dates including early (13 Sep., 2001) and on-season culture (23 Oct., 2001) of garlic at Tatsuen. Results revealed that preplanting storage of seed cloves under 5 and 10℃ had faster germination speed than that of 20 and 30℃ at two planting dates but germination percentage couldn't increase after all. Both planting-date and storage temperature affected garlic vegetative growth and yield. A significant effect was detected when seed cloves were precooled with 5 or 10℃ causing thinner stem diameter and reducing plant height, leaf width, number of leaf, leaf area, plant weight, yield, bulb weight, and bulb diameter. On the other hand, shorting vegetative growth by 36-40 days and accelerating maturity by 39-42 days were obtained as compared with storage at 20℃ and 30℃. The number of clove was not significantly different. Garlic had better performance on season culture either in garlic vegetative growth or yield. Preplanting storage of seed cloves with 5 or 10 ℃ at early culture led to severe decrease in yield by 70% when compared with 30℃, but the yield is low about 25% at on season culture. In the viewpoint of yield, seed cloves storage at 30℃ for 30 days before planting for on season culture can produce higher yield than that of the other treatments. The precooling storage of seed cloves with 10℃ for on season culture was also suggested in order to hasten garlic maturity and remain suitable yield.

並列關鍵字

garlic ； planting date ； storage temperature ； growth and yield