青蒜品種高冷地生育適應性之研究

Highland Adaptability of Different Garlic Varieties Grown for Green Tops

蕭政弘(Cheng-Hung Hsiao) ； 郭俊毅(Chun-Yi Kuo)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 86期 (2005/03) Pp. 23-36

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.200503.0023

摘要

為探討在高冷地青蒜品種生育的表現，連續兩年於兩個海拔高度2,000及2,300公尺進行青蒜品種生育比較試驗。第一年以亞洲蔬菜中心所提供之VFG180（3-1）、VFG176、VFG80M9、VFG（29M1）及VFG174等五個花蒜類品種；台南區農業改良場所提供之義竹選花蒜及嘉定北蒜等兩品種；本土種蒜宜蘭白（壯圍鄉及三星鄉）及大片黑（崙背鄉）等三品種，加上國外蒜種中國蒼山北蒜、新疆白蒜、白蒜及韓國寒地型之義城種及暖地型之南道種等5品種，共計15個供試品種。2003年生育期間所遭遇低溫分別為2,000公尺之氣溫-1.97℃及土溫7.43℃；2,300公尺之-2.9℃之氣溫及土溫4.57℃，結果顯示各品種皆可順利越冬無凍死現象，在考量產量、二次生長、抽苔性及結球性之前提下，僅蒼山北蒜、宜蘭白蒜及南道種適用於高冷地冬春作青蒜生產，其中又以南道種產量最高。2004年除入選之蒼山北蒜、宜蘭白蒜及南道種外，並加入嘉定北蒜，由於蒼山北蒜及嘉定北蒜種蒜數量不足，僅於海拔2,300公尺處進行試驗。蒜種生育期間所遭遇低溫分別為2,000公尺之氣溫-2.44℃及土溫4.57℃；2,300公尺之氣溫-3.37℃及土溫2.03℃。在2,300公尺之試區產量以義城南道種最高，較宜蘭白蒜產量增產26%，蒼山北蒜又較宜蘭白蒜增加10%。在2,000公尺之試區，以義城南道種產量最高，較宜蘭白蒜產量增產27%。從調查資料顯示，南道種之青蒜產量，較蒼山北蒜佳，可作為高冷地冬春作青蒜國外種蒜來源之參考。國產之蒜種中目前仍以宜蘭白之表現最佳。在種植時蒜瓣大小比較方面，2,300公尺以採用大瓣蒜種植之青蒜單株重最高；2,000公尺則大瓣與中瓣蒜所長之單株重差異不顯著。

關鍵字

青蒜 ； 高冷地 ； 耐寒性 ； 生育 ； 品種

並列摘要

This study was aimed to select suitable garlic varieties with high yield, good quality and cold tolerance for highland planting. Fifteen varieties including four local varieties, five AVRDC, four Chinese and two Korean varieties were planted at two locations at altitudes of 2,000 m and 2,300 m, respectively, in January 2003. All varieties survived cold winter, however secondary growth and bolting of VFG176, VFG80M9, VFG-29M1, VFG174 and 'Hua' garlic were serious. Growth period of 'Xinjiang', 'Uisong' and 'white' garlic were too long and their pseudostem were of short length. Yield performance of 'Great Black Leaf', VFG180 (3-1) and locally sustained 'Jiading' garlic were low. In consideration of their yield, low secondary growth, bolting and bulbing, 'Ilan White', 'Cangshan' garlic and 'Nandao' garlic were selected for further evaluation. In Jaunary, 2004, Five varieties including 'Ilan White', 'Jiading', 'Cangshan', 'Nandao' (Uisong) and 'Nandao' (Dahjing) were planted at 2,300 m, and three varieties including 'Ilan White', 'Nandao' (Uisong) and 'Nandao' (Dahjing) at 2,000 m. The temperature of 2004 is colder than 2003. All varieties also survived cold winter. At 2,000 m highland, yield of 'Ilan White' was significantly lower than 'Nandao' (Uisong, Dahjing) garlic. There were no significant difference in plant weight between the treatment of using large clove and that of medium sized clove, but was a tendency for larger clove getting heavier plant weight than small cloves. At 2,300 m highland, 'Nandao' garlic yield higher than 'Cangshan' garlic and 'Ilan white' by 16% and 26% respectively, while 'Jiading' yield lower than 'Ilan White'. Larger clove was better than medium and small clove in producing heavier plant. 'Nandao' (Uisong) garlic will be a good recommendation for farmers growing garlic at highland.

並列關鍵字

green garlic ； highland ； cold tolerance ； growth ； variety