園藝工職業訓練對智障者及精障者之效益評估

The Beneficial Effects of Vocational Training on Horticultural Work for the Mentally Disabled and People and Patients with Chronic Psychiatric Disorder

陳彥睿(Yann-Ray Chen) ； 陳榮五(Yung-Wu Chen) ； 蔡金伶(Jin-Ling Tsai) ； 李金水(Jin-Shuei Li) ； 陳姿翰(Tzu-Han Chen) ； 李仁豪(Ren-Hau Li)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 104期 (2009/09) Pp. 1-16

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.200909.0001

摘要

在身心障礙者權益保護法規定政府機構必須對弱勢族群提供職業訓練，本研究於2008年11月1日～12月14日計1個半月，每週約30小時，共實施180小時的園藝職業訓練，實施對象包括智障者10人，精障者4人，實施地點為彰化縣二林鎮慈沁社會福利基金會農場，教師為臺中區農業改良場、員林農工及慈沁農場內的專業人士。園藝課程包括多種園藝植物之認識、植栽照顧及花藝利用。活動結果由2位社工老師及1位園藝老師對受測者進行效益評估，評估結果在社區性／適應能力、工作技能、服從性、紀律性／組織性及溝通技巧等５項指標之平均分數均為後測高於前測。針對智能障礙者，其社區性／適應能力前後測得分分別為2.71及3.01，差異性顯著；在工作技能前後測的得分分別為2.82及3.12，差異性顯著；在服從性前後測的得分分別為2.95及3.32，差異性顯著；在紀律性／組織性前後測的得分分別為3.57及3.82，差異性顯著；在溝通技巧前後測的得分分別為2.68及3.12，差異性顯著。在質性評估方面，智能障礙者的前後測比較，也有增加園藝基本觀念認知、開放性、社交性、嚴謹性、藝術性、自信心及成就感方面的提昇。在精神障礙個案部份，雖前後測均有增加之趨勢，但受限於人數過少，在量表統計上，沒有顯著差異。質性評估上，園藝活動對於精神障礙者之園藝基本觀念之認知、開放性、社交性、外向性、藝術性有提昇之趨勢。

關鍵字

園藝治療 ； 智能障礙 ； 精神障礙 ； 評估量表

並列摘要

Based on human rights, the government apparatus needs to provide vocational training to the mentally disadvantaged. This study was conducted on 10 mentally disabled people and 4 with chronic psychiatric disorders over a period of one and a half months, from November 1 to December 14, 2008. The vocational training, ca. 30hr per week with a total of 180hr taking place on the farm of Ciqin Social Welfare Foundation located in Erhlin, Changhua. Professional instructors were from the Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, National Yuanlin Agricultural and Industrial Vocational High School and Ciqin farm. The horticultural programs included various propagation, cultural practices on many kinds of gardening plants and their utilization. The effect evaluation was carried out by two social workers and one horticulturist. The average scores in the posttest were higher than those in the pretest in community skills, basic work skills, dealing with authority, and organizational skills after the training program. In community skill test, the average score of the mentally disabled people increased from 2.71 to 3.01 with significant difference. The average score in basic work skill increased from 2.82 to 3.12. The average score of the mentally disabled people increased from 2.95 to 3.32 in dealing with authority, from3.57 to 3.82 in organizational skills, and from 2.68 to 3.12 in communicative skill; all these increases showed a significant difference. In the qualitative study, the results also showed that the mentally disabled people increased their horticultural basic knowledge, openness, socialization, conscientiousness, self-confidence and senses of art, and of achievement. As for the patients with psychiatric disorders, due to limited data, there was no significant difference between the pretest and posttest, however, the qualitative study showed improvement in horticultural basic knowledge, openness, extraversion, social contact and sense of art. The results of this horticultural worker vocational training may provide reference material for organizations, agricultural administration and education, and offer suggestion to institutions responsible for vocational training and employment planning for those with physical and psychological obstacle to learning.

並列關鍵字

horticultural therapy ； mental disability ； chronic psychiatric disorder ； rating scale