噴鈣處理與合理化施肥量對晶圓梨梨蜜症之影響

Effects of Calcium Application and Rational Fertilization on the Occurrence of Fruit Watercore Symptom in the 'Full Lucky' Pear

徐錦木(Chin-Mu Hsu)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 113期 (2011/12) Pp. 35-43

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.201112.0035

摘要

臺中2號晶圓梨果實低溫貯藏時，容易發生梨蜜症的生理障礙，難以利用貯藏功能調節供需穩定價格。本試驗選用彰化縣大村鄉實驗果園、臺中市東勢山坡地果園及河川地果園9年生梨樹，開花期開始以硝酸鈣及乳酸鈣1％水溶液連續六週噴施果粒，果實採收後分析果肉鈣含量並無增加，但鉀含量相對降低，元素間比例平衡發生改變。冷藏觀察結果以硝酸鈣溶液處理可降低果實梨蜜症發生；乳酸鈣則無效果。施肥量單株年度施用三要素：氮素441 g、磷酐374.4 g、氧化鉀400 g，所生產果實在56天貯藏期間，三組試驗果園均有梨蜜症果實出現；氮素352.8 g、磷酐300.6 g、氧化鉀320 g，所生產果實在56天貯藏期間，彰化大村鄉試驗果園無梨蜜症果實出現，但東勢山坡地及河川地果園有梨蜜症果實出現；氮素264.6 g、磷酐225 g、氧化鉀240 g，三組試驗果園所生產果實貯藏56天均無梨蜜症出現。試驗結果顯示施肥量為影響晶圓梨果實貯藏期梨蜜症發生的重要因素。

關鍵字

晶圓梨 ； 蜜症 ； 生理障礙

並列摘要

The physiological disorder of watercore symptom occurs frequently in the 'Full Lucky' pear fruit during cold storage period, therefore it is difficult to stabilize the market price through storage to meet the market demand. In this study, three orchards with 9-year old trees were chosen in the experiment. One of it is located at Tatsun Township (in Changhua) with loamy soil, and remainings are located at Dongshi District (in Taichung) which included one hillside loamy soil orchard, and the other riverside sandy soil orchard. Started from blooming stage, 1% solution of calcium nitrate and calcium lactate were sprayed on the fruits for successive 6 weeks at one week interval. The result of fruits mineral elements analysis indicated that calcium concentration was not increased but potassium was decreased, indicated the balance of minerals was altered. Subsequent survey of cold storage showed that the calcium nitrate treatment decreased the occurrence of watercore, whereas the calcium lactate treatment had no effort. Watercore symptoms occurs in fruits harvested from all the three orchards that applied 441 g nitrogen, 374.4 g phosphorus anhydride and 400 g potassium hydroxide per year per plant. However, when the fertilization rate was reduced by 20%, viz. 352.8 g N, 300.6 g P and 320 g K per year per plant, watercore symptom can be reduced during cold storage. When the fertilization was reduced by 40%, viz. 264.6 g N, 225 g P and 240 g K per year per plant. There were no watercore symptoms in fruits from all 3 orchards. The results indicated that the dosage of fertilizers used might be an important factor affecting the occurrence of watercore symptom during cold storage.

並列關鍵字

'Full Lucky' pear ； watercore symptom ； physiological disorder