水稻水象鼻蟲在彰化地區的擴展限制現象

The Limited Spread Performance of Rice Water Weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Changhua County, Taiwan

廖君達(Chung-Ta Liao)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 118期 (2013/03) Pp. 47-59

摘要

水稻水象鼻蟲（Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel）於2001年首次在中臺灣的彰化縣線西鄉被發現，2008年侵入彰化市，迄2012年才擴展至花壇鄉，它的分布範圍與擴展趨勢明顯地趨緩。水稻水象鼻蟲在彰化縣的擴展速度，僅有0.7～4.2 km/yr。彰化縣水稻第一期作插秧的順序最早為南側的二水、溪州及竹塘等鄉，於2月上旬進行插秧，而後向西及向北方進行作業，位於西北端的伸港鄉插秧時間遲至3月中旬。由於水稻水象鼻蟲局限於北彰化地區，推測插秧順序的差異影響到水稻水象鼻蟲的擴展。此外，水稻第二期作北彰化地區普遍採行落粒栽培，插秧區相對於落粒區誘集較多的水稻水象鼻蟲成蟲，也反應在下一代成蟲的數量。自然感蟲環境下，比較每叢水稻不同插秧株數與水稻水象鼻蟲的危害關係，經調查發現每叢3、5、7株處理之施藥防治組及未施藥防治組間的產量均未達到顯著性差異。比較10個水稻品種對水稻水象鼻蟲之抗性，臺稉8號、臺稉14號及臺稉16號每叢分蘗數顯著地受到抑制。然而，只有臺稉8號減產15.4%，其他品種的產量不受影響。

關鍵字

水稻水象鼻蟲 ； 彰化縣 ； 分布 ； 限制

並列摘要

The distribution range of Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus was first recorded in Siansi township, Changhua county, central Taiwan in 2001, then extended to Changhua city in 2008. Up to 2012, L. oryzophilus had dispersed to Huatan township and its dispersal trend tended to be slow obviously. The dispersal speed of L. oryzophilus was merely 0.7 to 4.2 km per year in Changhua county. The time courses of rice seedling transplanting had started from southern part townships, included Erhshui, Sijhou and Zhutang, etc., in early Feb., respectively. Then, the practice was western and northern toward of the Shengang township, which locate on the northwest of Changhua county was late in mid-March. However, as the distribution of L. oryzophilus had restricted on the northern part of Changhua county, it suggested that the different time courses of rice seedling transplanting had affected the expansion of L. oryzophilus. In addition, the dropped seed cultivation was common management practice in northern part of Changhua county in the rice second cropping. More L. oryzophilus adults were attracted by the piece of rice seedling in transplanting treatment than dropped seed treatment. These two practices were also responsible for the adult number of next generation. Under natural infestation condition, the grain yields were not significantly different between insecticide treatment and un-treated rice seedlings which were transplanted 3, 5 and 7 per hill. Ten rice varieties were screened for the resistant to L. oryzophilus, the numbers of tiller per hill on Taiken No. 8, Taiken No. 14 and Taiken No. 16 were less than those of the rest rice varieties. However, only Taiken No. 8 had 15.4% yield loss of rice grain when harvest, others were maintain the same as.

並列關鍵字

Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus ； Changhua county ； distribution ； limiting