養液滴灌與慣行溝灌法對洋桔梗之肥培節水效益與切花品質之比較試驗

A Comparison Study on Water-Saving Effects and Cut Flower Quality of ＂Eustoma＂ Cultivated in Furrow and Micro-irrigation Conditions

陳令錫(Ling-Hsi Chen) ； 陳彥樺(Yen-Hua Chen) ； 郭雅紋(Ya-Wen Kuo) ； 蔡宛育(Woan-Yuh Tsai)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 127期 (2015/06) Pp. 63-72

摘要

本研究在探討洋桔梗種植期間分別以慣行畦溝溝灌及畦溝溝灌/滴灌綜合灌溉法進行灌溉水量之比較試驗；本試驗在彰化縣永靖鄉洋桔梗栽培農家進行，試驗區的種植密度約20株/m^2。綜合灌溉法為洋桔梗栽培期整合溝灌、微噴灌與滴灌的灌溉方法，移植初期畦溝溝灌每天用水量總計約80~100m^3/0.1ha-day；後續抽苔、分化與見蕾採用滴灌方式作業13次，總計滴灌用水量約56m^3/0.1ha，每次水量約4.3m^3/0.1ha；該期作結合初期溝灌7天與滴灌13次之總用水量約為750m^3/0.1ha，比慣行溝灌12次之灌溉用水量1,080m3節省31%。綜合灌溉法合計期作灌溉用水量僅為395.2m^3/0.1ha，比慣行溝灌12次之灌溉用水量1,080m3/0.1ha節省63.4%。分析試驗前和洋桔梗切花採收期二時間點之土壤肥力，顯示土壤pH值、電導度、有機質含量、Bray No.1有效性磷含量、交換性鉀含量、交換性鈣含量及交換性鎂含量在處理間差異不顯著。計算三要素施用量慣行方式為100.8-6.7-13.3（kg/ha），相較養液肥灌之供給量為71.8-32.8-75（kg/ha），養液肥灌之氮肥可節省28.7%，惟磷鉀肥有增量現象，此結果可供後續試驗配方修正之參考。養液滴灌栽培的植株生育較農民慣行栽培佳，平均株高增加2~4cm，且個體間生育較整齊。切花株高較慣行栽培者增加約4cm，鮮重增加約12g，莖粗增加0.3mm，花冠較高及花徑較大。因此，養液滴灌栽培之洋桔梗切花品質略優於農民慣行栽培之切花且不影響切花日數，且達到省水省肥之功效。

關鍵字

洋桔梗 ； 滴灌 ； 養液 ； 節水 ； 切花品質

並列摘要

A comparison study with traditional furrow irrigation and integrated furrow/micro-irrigation method was designed to evaluate the water-saving effects and cut flower quality on ＂Eustoma＂. The experiment in one of ＂Eustoma＂ farm of Changhua county that was designed as ＂Eustoma＂ planting density with 20 seedlings per square meter and irrigation treatments as tradition furrow irrigation method to comparison with furrow/micro-integrated irrigation method. The furrow/micro-integrated irrigation method was operated as during the first 7 days after transplanting, the water used in furrow irrigation was about 80~100 m^3/ (0.1 ha per day), and then following by drip irrigation 13 times and consumed water 56 m^3 /0.1 ha, thus each drip irrigation consumed water 4.3 m^3/0.1 ha. The total water used is about 750 m^3/ 0.1 ha, which included furrow irrigation seven days and drip irrigation 13 times in one crop season. Compared to traditional furrow irrigation 12 times which consumed water 1080 m^3/0.1 ha in one season. However, only 395.2 m^3/0.1 ha water has been consumed by integrated irrigation method could to be save 63.4% of water used. Through the soil fertility analysis, the results revealed that no significant difference in pH, EC, organic matter, Bray No.1 P and exchangeable cation, but the N. P. & K. fertilizer in traditional application were 100.8-6.7-13.3 (kg/ha) and that in drip fertigation were 71.8-32.8-75 (kg/ha), which saved Nitrogen 28.7% but consumed higher in Phosphate and Potassium, this result indicated the needs of modifying the recipe of fertigation. The ＂Eustoma＂ plant growth with fertigation was better than with traditional furrow irrigation, the average plant height, cut flower length, fresh weight and stem diameter were increased by 2~4 cm, 4 cm, 12 g and 0.3 mm, respectively. Therefore, ＂Eustoma＂ cultivation utilized fertigation could bebefit both in cut flower quality and saving water and fertilizers.

並列關鍵字

＂Eustoma＂ ； drip irrigation ； fertigation ； water-saving ； cut flower quality