氮肥施用時間及施用量對小麥產量與品質之影響

Effect of Timing and Amount of Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Quality and Yield of Wheat

楊金英(Jin-Ying Yang) ； 林訓仕(Hsun-Shih Lin)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 130期 (2016/03) Pp. 41-50

摘要

為提升小麥產量及麵粉品質，品種選擇與肥培管理為重要關鍵因素，其中又以氮肥施用最為重要，因此需瞭解氮肥最佳施用時間，本研究利用氮肥分施處理(基肥一次施用；基肥及播種後四週施用；基肥、播種後四週及播種後七週；和基肥、播種後四週、播種後七週及增施穗肥)，探討其對小麥‘臺中選2號’及‘臺中34號’之產量構成要素、穀粒粗蛋白質含量和沉降係數之影響。由結果顯示兩個小麥品種之產量、穀粒粗蛋白質含量皆隨氮肥分施次數增加而提升，千粒重則無顯著差異，沉降係數處理間皆高於280秒，符合加工使用標準，此外，於小麥抽穗5天後增施氮肥可有效提升穀粒粗蛋白質含量。

關鍵字

小麥 ； 氮肥 ； 產量 ； 粗蛋白質含量 ； 沉降係數

並列摘要

The improved cultivars and fertilizers application especially nitrogen are two key important factors to enhance flour quality and grain yield in wheat. The present study conducted with two wheat varieties (Taichung Sel. 2 and Taichung 34) and four nitrogen application methods (only basal, basal & one dressing at 4 weeks after sowing, basal & two top-dressings at 4 and 7 weeks after sowing, and basal & three top-dressings at 4, 7 weeks after sowing and with 5 days after heading) to identify its influences on the yield components, protein content and Hagberg falling number of the wheat. The results showed that grain yield and protein content were significantly increased by additional nitrogen application, but it has no apparent impact on 1000-grain weight. The Hagberg falling numbers exceeded 280 seconds was found in all treatments, which conformed to the standard of wheat grain processing. Moreover, the crude protein content of grain was increased with the additional nitrogen application at 5 days after heading stage in wheat.

並列關鍵字

wheat ； nitrogen ； yield ； crude protein content ； Hagberg falling number