套袋前藥劑噴濕果串處理對葡萄晚腐病防治效果評估

Efficacy of Fungicide Pre-bagging Treatments on Grape Clusters in Preventing Ripe Rot Disease of Grape

劉興隆(Hsing-Lung Liu) ； 沈原民(Yuan-Min Shen) ； 趙佳鴻(Chia-Hung Chao) ； 黃冬青(Tung-Chin Huang) ； 吳世偉(Shih-Wel Wu) ； 謝正雄(Jeng-Hsiung Hsieh)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 131期 (2016/06) Pp. 19-31

摘要

自不同葡萄產區分離之79個晚腐病菌菌株(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.)，測試對12種葡萄晚腐病藥劑之感受性反應，結果25.9%得克利水基乳劑2,000倍、25%撲克拉水基乳劑2,500倍及50%撲克拉錳可濕性粉劑6,000倍等3種藥劑，均能完全抑制所有晚腐病菌之菌絲生長。田間試驗結合藥劑及套袋處理，藥劑處理只在套袋前使用一次藥劑，將藥劑均勻噴灑在葡萄果串；套袋處理將袋子套在葡萄果柄，纏繞绑牢。自2013年起先後在5個葡萄產區進行5場次田間試驗，其中3場次於1期作(葡萄栽培期1~7月)進行，2場次於2期作(栽培期6~12月)進行，不同試驗田相同期作之結果均顯示，1期作葡萄，在開花後第4週開始施用藥劑，不論「套袋前有噴藥」或是「套袋前無噴藥」，二者發病率皆很低且此兩處理組無顯著差異，但開花後第7週處理藥劑，「套袋前有噴藥」皆顯著優於「套袋前無噴藥」；而2期作葡萄，不論是開花後第4週或是第7週處理，「套袋前有噴藥」皆顯著優於「套袋前無噴藥」者；藥劑處理不論是使用混合藥劑(得克利＋百克敏)或是以單劑(得克利或撲克拉)處理防病效果皆佳。

關鍵字

葡萄 ； 晚腐病 ； 減農藥 ； 套袋 ； 綜合防治

並列摘要

Grape ripe rot pathogens (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.) were isolated from different grape production areas. The 79 isolates were collected and the mycelial growth evaluation test conducted under 12 fungicide treatments. The results showed that 25.9% tebuconazole (emulsion, oil in water) with 2000X, 25% prochloraz (emulsion, oil in water) with 2500X and 50% prochlorate manganese (wettable powder) with 6000X could inhibit the mycelial growth of all the isolates completely. Field experiments was conducted to combine with fungicide treatments and bagging. A fungicide treatment was sprayed on grape clusters before the fruits were bagged in each experiment. Bag wrapping treatment were covered on grape clusters tightly. Five field experiments were conducted in five major grape production areas since 2013, and three of five experiments in first season (January-July) and the other two experiments in second season (June-December). The results obtained the consistent tendencyin different places . In the first season, four weeks after flowering treatments of “fungicide treatment before bagging” and “no fungicide treatment before bagging” showed lower ripe rot disease incidences. In conclusion, “fungicide treated before bagging” was better than “no fungicide treated before bagging” treated seven weeks after flowering, However, in the second season, “fungicide treatment before bagging” was better than “no fungicide treatment before bagging” in both conditions. Both fungicides mixture of tebuconazole + pyraclostrobin and mono fungicide application (tebuconazole or prochloraz) were found effectively to prevent grape ripe rot disease.

並列關鍵字

grape ； ripe-rot ； less pesticide ； bagging ； integrated control