葡萄‘巨峰’寒害形成樣態分析及防範技術研究

本試驗目的針對葡萄‘巨峰’寒害臨界溫度及形成樣態進行問卷調查、資料蒐集與分析，以為後續建立防範技術之參考。2016年1月23日臺灣遭遇強烈大陸冷氣團之襲擊，經調查寒流期間葡萄園區溫度介於3～5℃，此時已有83%的農友進行冬季修剪催芽，其中8%已進入開花期，遭受寒流影響，開花著果情形差，嚴重影響產量。依地區分析，信義鄉、新社區及卓蘭鎮等山區之產區17%尚未修剪。因此，在寒流時發現僅25%受訪者損失程度低於20%，高達54%受訪者損失達40%以上，葡萄品質較往年差，29%出現果粒小、18%出現無子果，導致後續出現果穗小、產量降低之現象。在復耕(育)方面，農友採用葉片補充營養劑與地面澆灌開根素，分別為42%及41%；因為極端氣候造成天候後劇烈變化，有30%農友考慮調整一期作修剪時間。政府開辦農作物天然災害保險，葡萄雖然尚未辦理，但受訪之農友高達69%有意願參加。

關鍵字

葡萄；寒害；品質；天然災害保險

並列摘要

The objective of this study was to investigate the critical temperature of chilling injury and modes of damage through questionnaire, then to establish its prevention measures for 'Kyoho' grape. On 23^(rd) January in 2016, it was estimated 83% of viticulturists had pruned grape in which 8% of grape at bloom stage. On that day the field temperature dropped to 3-5°C at most vineyard that most grape plants were subjected to chilling injury, and the following harvest was substantially reduced. According to our regional survey, 17% of grape plants were not pruned yet at Sinyi, Shinshe and Zhuolan area. There was only 25% of interviewees lost less than 20% of normal yield, and 54% interviewee lost more than 40% of yield. The quality of berries was inferior to normal crop, in which 29% was small berry, 18% seedless, that all lead to reduced yield. After chilling injury, the major corresponding measures were to spray foliar nutrients (42%) and irrigate root stimulator (41%). Due to climate change cause extreme weather, about 30% farmers considered to adjust pruning time. Although grape has not been included in natural disaster insurance program, up to 69% farmers intend to participate in insurance.

並列關鍵字

grape ； chilling injury ； quality ； natural disaster insurance

國際替代計量

葡萄‘巨峰’寒害形成樣態分析及防範技術研究

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