修剪強度對宿根栽培百香果生育、產量及品質之影響

Effects of Perennial Cultivation and Pruning Methods on Growth, Yield and Quality of Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis × P. edulis f. flavicarpa)

張富翔(Fu-Hsiang Chang) ； 楊旻憲(Min-Hsien Yang) ； 王茗慧(Ming-Hui Wang) ； 蔡宜峯(Yi-Fong Tsai)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 136期 (2017/09) Pp. 57-68

摘要

百香果為多年生蔓性植物，深具發展潛力，當前每年以嫁接苗株更新，種苗需求集中，常有供應不及現象，影響農友種植時機與收益。然其他國家大多以2～3年生栽培百香果，且具商業生產價值，因此本試驗擬評估修剪強度對第2年生宿根栽培百香果之生育、產量及品質影響，以了解百香果宿根栽培之可行性。本試驗以新植嫁接苗株為對照，將第2年生百香果植株分別處理A剪除棚頂(170 cm)以上主莖、處理B剪除離地60 cm處主莖等2種修剪強度。處理A修剪後莖長、莖徑及莖節數最多，且於修剪後第82.2天、144天進入開花期及採收期，處理B最晚達128.1天及184.3天。處理A產量最高可達34.1 kg/株，較對照組高約33%，惟宿根栽培處理之單果重較輕，且小果比例較高，對照組之平均果重82.5 g，較其他處理重且大果比率61%最高，處理B則果皮厚度最薄。修剪處理與嫁接苗株之成熟葉植體元素、果汁比率、酸度及糖酸比等無差異。綜合試驗結果顯示，宿根栽培不影響百香果之生育、產量及品質，且以修剪處理A較佳，可提早產期、提升產量及增加收入，為可行之生產模式。

關鍵字

台農1號百香果 ； 二年生栽培 ； 修剪 ； 生產

並列摘要

Passion fruit is a kind of perennial climbing plant with high economic potential. The production of grafting seedlings is currently insufficient to meet the demands in a short period of time incurrent annual production system, which affects the planting time and income of farmers. However, it's common to cultivate passion fruit in 2-3 years cycle commercially in other countries. In this study, the feasibility of 2-year-cycle culture and renewal pruning methods were assessed by the growth, yield, and quality indicators. The results of this study showed treatment A (pruning all shoots above the pergola) had the highest shoot width, shoot length and number of leaves. Treatment A had the earliest flowering (82.2 days after pruning) and harvesting (144.0 days after pruning), but treatment B (pruning all shoots from 60 cm above the ground) was the last. The yield of treatment A was highest (34.1 kg/plant) about 33% more than control (grafting seedling). However, treatment A and B had lower fruit weight and higher small fruit percentage. The average fruit weight (82.5 g) and the ratio of fruit weight ＞80 g (61%) of control were superior. Treatment B had the thinnest peel thickness. Nevertheless, the ratio of juice, mineral nutrients of leaf, total soluble solids and Brix/acid ratio were not different among three treatments. In conclusion, the development and production of passion fruit 'Tainung No.1' were not affected by perennial cultivation. Growth, yield and quality of passion fruit 'Tainung No.1' performed well with treatment A. Moreover, compared to control, Treatment A could advance the harvesting time and increase the gross income.

並列關鍵字

Passiflora edulis × P. edulis f. flavicarpa ； perennial cultivation ； renewal pruning ； production