功能性有益微生物肥料對百香果生長、產量及果實品質之影響

Effects of Functional Beneficial Microbial Fertilizer Application on the Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality in Passion Fruit

昌佳致(Chia-Chih Chang) ； 藍玄錦(Hsuan-Chin Lan) ； 楊旻憲(Min-Hsien Yang) ； 張富翔(Fu-Hsiang Chang)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 154期 (2022/03) Pp. 69-78

摘要

百香果主要肥培管理模式仍慣用未經腐熟禽畜糞，而施用未經充分腐熟有機材料可能對環境造成不利的影響。木黴菌與放線菌等可以促進植物從土壤中獲取水分及養分，為改善農友慣行使用未經腐熟禽畜糞等肥料情況，本研究評估功能性有益微生物肥料應用於百香果栽培之可行性。分別於2019年與2020年於南投縣埔里鎮田間栽培百香果‘台農一號’（Passiflora edulis × P. edulis f. flavicarpa），並於4－5月調查2次營養生長與8－10月調查3次調查果實產量及品質。2019年試驗期間分別依處理定植前（1月）與始花期（5月）使用未發酵雞糞、接種放線菌TCST9801之發酵雞糞肥及接種木黴菌（TCT768）之菇類剩餘物質肥料進行處理，使用菇類剩餘物質與發酵雞糞肥總產量較未發酵雞糞肥提升13%-68%（1,967－2,898 kg/ha）；每週葉噴（0或0.33%）與土壤澆灌（0,0.33%,1%或2%）木黴菌有機液肥，葉噴0.33%、土壤澆灌0.33%或葉噴0.33%搭配澆灌1%使果實產量顯著較對照組提升31%-39%（2,210 kg/ha vs. 3,000-3,130 kg/ha），而其他處理組之產量則與對照組無顯著差異。故百香果種植過程中以菇類剩餘物質或發酵雞糞肥做為基肥或追肥搭配定期施用生物性液肥，較傳統操作應用之生雞糞效果佳。

關鍵字

百香果 ； 循環農業 ； 農業剩餘物質 ； 功能性有益微生物

並列摘要

Application of raw poultry manure (RPM) as fertilizer is a common practice in commercial passion fruit production. However, raw poultry manure potentially raises environmental concerns. Trichoderma spp. are fungi that can facilitate plant acquisition of water and nutrients from soil. In this study, we aimed to replace raw poultry manure with Trichoderma isolate (TCT768) spent mushroom substrate fertilizer (SMS) and Actinobacteria isolate (TCST9801) fermented poultry manure (FPM). And evaluate the feasibility of Trichoderma-enriched liquid organic fertilizer application in passion fruit production by testing different application methods and concentrations. We recorded vegetative growth (leaf length, width, number of leaves, vine length and stem diameter) twice between May and June, and weekly investigated fruit yield and quality from August to October witch growing in Puli Township, Nantou County. In April 2019, used raw poultry manure, fermented poultry manure and spent mushroom substrate fertilizer before planting (January), and the beginning of flowering (May). For processing, the spent mushroom substrate and fermented poultry manure is increased by 13%-68% (1,967-2,898 kg/ha) compared with raw poultry manure. At the beginning of April in 2020, field-grown 'Tainong No. 1' (Passiflora edulis × P. edulis f. flavicarpa) was weekly treated with Trichoderma-enriched organic liquid fertilizer by the foliar spray (0 or 0.33%) and soil drench (0, 0.33%, 1% or 2%) in a factorial combination. Compared with the control, total yield was increased by 31% to 39% (2210 kg/ha vs. 3000-3100 kg/ha) in plants treated with the foliar spray at 0.33%, soil drench at 0.33%, and the combination of foliar spray at 0.33% and soil drench at 1%, while no significant difference was detected in the other treatments. Therefore, in the cultivation of passion fruit planting, spent mushroom substrate and fermented poultry manure are used as base fertilizers and top dressings, along with regular application of biological liquid fertilizer, which is more effective than raw poultry manure used in traditional operations.

並列關鍵字

Passiflora edulis × P. edulis f. flavicarpa ； circular agriculture ； agricultural residues ； functional beneficial microorganis