有機資材應用對筊白筍生長發育及產量之影響

The Effects of Organic Materials on The Growth, Development and Yield of Water Bamboo

藍玄錦(Hsuan-Chin Lan) ； 林煜恒(Yu-Heng Lin) ； 陳俊位(Chein-Wei Chen)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 138期 (2018/03) Pp. 37-51

摘要

茭白筍（Zizania latifolia Turcz）為臺灣中部地區夏季重要之蔬菜作物，目前茭白筍有機栽培，尚未建立完整之操作方式，而常有產量及品質不穩定情形。本研究係以微生物製劑與有機資材應用於茭白筍種苗處理、土壤改良及有機追肥施用，瞭解其對茭白筍生長發育及產量之影響，期能建立合適之育苗、栽種及基肥施用之有機栽培模式。試驗結果顯示以微生物製劑處理進行定植60日後之茭白母莖，其萌芽數為2.7~3.3及株高為64.7~91.4 cm，皆較為未處理者的萌芽數1.7及株高50.7 cm為佳，其中以木黴菌處理之茭白苗發育效果最佳。利用矽酸鈣改良土壤後，可提高土壤中之酸鹼值及有機質含量，並增加茭白筍植株之生長勢，產量較未施用者高13.5%。利用黃豆粕作為追肥可有效提高二期筍單筍品質。以棕櫚灰浸出液適時作為鉀肥之補充，分蘗數可較未施用者增進6.6~9.5%（一期作）、10.6~12.3%（二期作），且可提升茭白筍品質及整齊度。由試驗結果得知茭白筍有機栽培時，先以微生物製劑進行母莖種苗處理，搭配矽酸鈣進行土壤改良，再以黃豆粕及棕櫚灰浸出液作為追肥等有機綜合栽培技術模式，較傳統有機栽培方法，可有效促進生長勢及提高產量，本技術之建立可作為茭白筍農進行有機栽培時之參考依據。

關鍵字

茭白筍 ； 有機栽培 ； 微生物製劑 ； 矽酸鈣 ； 黃豆粕 ； 棕櫚灰

並列摘要

Water bamboo (Zizania latifolia Turcz.) is one of the important vegetables in central Taiwan. However, suitable planting method and fertilizer management practices for organic production of water bamboo are not well established. The yield and quality of water bamboo shoots in organic production systems are often unstable. The aim of the present research is to establish suitable planting and fertilizer management strategies for organic production of water bamboo shoots. In this study, microbial agents were applied to the mother stems of water bamboo. After 60 days of planting, the results showed that the numbers of buds and plant height of the water bamboo mother stems with the application of microbial agents were enhanced compared with the water control. Among the microbial agents tested. Trichoderma treatment exhibited the best effect. By the application of calcium silicon to the water bamboo field, the pH value and organic matter content was elevated, the growth and yield of water bamboo was also increased. By soybean meal top-dressing, the fresh weight and quality of water bamboo shoots in the 2^(nd) harvesting season were increased. The palm ash leachate were also found to increase the numbers of tillers and to improve the quality and uniformity of water bamboo shoots. In conclusion, our results suggested the following practices for organic farming of water bamboo: by the application of microbial agents to the mother stems, and by the use of calcium silicon, following by top-dressing soybean meal and palm ash leachate to the field to improve the soil properties and elemental contents and in turns the yield and quality of water bamboo could be improved.

並列關鍵字

water bamboo ； organic cultivation ； microbiological agents ； calcium silicon ； soybean meals ； palm ash