柑桔綠黴病特性分析及非農藥資材防治綠黴病效果評估

Analysis of the Characteristics of Penicillium digitatum and Evaluation the Efficacy of Non-pesticide Materials and Yeasts on Controlling Green Mold of Citrus

羅佩昕(Pei-Hsin Lo) ； 王照仁(Chao-Jen Wang) ； 賴奕佐(Yi-Tso Lai) ； 陳盟松(Meng-Sung Chen)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 147期 (2020/06) Pp. 59-73

摘要

由Penicillium digitatum（Pers.）Sacc.引起的綠黴病為柑桔採後與貯藏期間之重要貯藏性病害（postharvest disease），目前防治方式多以化學農藥於採前或採後進行處理，然隨著農藥殘留問題與農產品安全之需求，近年來積極尋求非農藥防治方式。本研究為了解柑桔綠黴病菌生長之條件，進行綠黴病菌特性分析，於24℃菌絲生長速度最快，32℃下則無法生長，將其培養於pH4-pH6，菌絲生長速度較快，其生長特性可供作柑桔綠黴病防治策略之擬定。而在培養基上非農藥防治資材之篩選試驗，以0.5%幾丁聚醣、0.5%碳酸鈉、0.5%碳酸氫鈉及1,000倍稀釋之己二烯酸鉀，可達到100%菌絲生長抑制率，另篩得之6株酵母菌／類酵母菌，亦可於培養基上達到100%菌絲生長抑制率。以非農藥防治資材處理柑桔果實對綠黴病防治效果試驗中，以0.1%幾丁聚醣防治效果較佳，僅47.62%之罹病率；而類酵母菌於果實上對柑桔綠黴病之防治效果，則以菌株Y466與TCY70之防治效果較佳，僅57.14%。為提升非農藥防治資材對柑桔綠黴病之防治效果，未來期以多種拮抗菌、拮抗菌結合不同資材及拮抗菌結合不同採後處理技術，增進防治效力。

關鍵字

柑桔綠黴病 ； 非農藥防治資材 ； 幾丁聚醣 ； 酵母菌／類酵母菌

並列摘要

Green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum (Pers.) Sacc.) is one of the most important postharvest disease of Citrus in Taiwan. The main approach to control the green mold is treating the chemical fungicides before storage. However, fungicide resistance of P. digitatum and fungicide residue of Citrus for export are problems for Citrus storage. Thus, non-chemical treatment to control green mold is necessary. This study is aim to analyze the characteristics of P. digitatum, and screen non-chemical materials and yeasts for controlling the green mold. The mycelial growth of P. digitatum is faster at 24℃, but can't grow at 32℃. Also, it grew faster when cultured on pH4-6 medium. Moreover, to screen non-chemical materials and yeasts for inhibiting the mycelial growth of P. digitatum in vitro, 0.5% chitosan, 0.5% sodium bicarbonate, potassium sorbate in 1,000x dilution, and 6 isolates of yeasts or yeast-like antagonists can 100% inhibit the mycelial growth of P. digitatum. On controlling test of green mold of citrus in vivo, the treatment of 0.1% chitosan showed 47.62% disease incidence, is the most effective non-chemical material. And, the treatment of yeast-like antagonists isolate Y466 and TCY70 showed 57.14% disease incidence, it showed the ability on controlling the green mold. Therefore, integrate multiple antagonists or different non-chemical materials can be a new strategy for enhancing the efficiency on controlling the green mold of citrus after harvest.

並列關鍵字

green mold ； non-pesticide materials ； chitosan ； yeast/yeast-like antagonist