現代的高粱去雄方法之介紹

高粱（Sorghum bicolor L. Moench）為雌雄同株同花的常異交作物。為提高高粱雜交工作執行效率，須確實去雄，目前高粱去雄手法主要有三種，包含手工操作、遺傳型雄不稔系統及化學藥劑處理型。手工操作去雄處理包含使用器具移除花藥及塑膠袋套袋創造人工高濕微氣候抑制花藥開裂，以及溫湯法藉由42－48℃水浴破壞花粉活性。高粱的遺傳型雄不稔系統主要採用細胞核質共同調控雄不稔系統，成因多為細胞核與粒線體間的協同作用出現障礙而抑制雄配子發育，目前可取得A_1、A_2、A_3、A_4及9E型，主流商業雜交種為A_1型。另有藥劑處理法透過阻斷雄配子發育誘導出雄不稔性，已知可行藥劑有三個，包含trifluoromethanesulfonamide（TFMSA）、ethrel及ethyl 4-fluorooxanilate（E4FO）。有關高粱去雄的文獻回顧僅討論手工操作去雄與細胞核質雄不稔系統的傳統遺傳分類，本篇進一步統整細胞核質雄不稔系統分子層次的研究現況，以及近年新開發誘導雄不稔性的可行藥劑處理。

關鍵字

高粱；去雄；細胞核質共同調控雄不稔系統；化學藥劑處理法

並列摘要

As a hermaphrodite plant, Sorghum bicolor mainly self-fertilizes. Therefore, the reliable emasculation procedure is essential for the precise hybridization. Overall, there are three types of emasculation methods, including mechanical emasculation, genetic male sterility system, and chemical emasculation. The mechanical method includes hand emasculation removing anthers in physical manner, plastic bag emasculation inhibiting the release of pollen with artificial humid microclimate, and hot water treatment killing pollen grains by heat. For the genetic method, cytoplasmic genic male sterility system (CMS) has been highly applied in the sorghum hybridization. The available CMS types are A_1, A_2, A_3, A_4 and 9E, and the A_1 type plays the major role in commercial hybrid seed production. Notably, chemical emasculation is a novel method interfering the anther development to induce male sterility. For sorghum, there are three effective chemicals including trifluoromethanesulfonamide (TFMSA), ethrel and ethyl 4-fluorooxanilate (E4FO). Until now, limited papers reviewed the technique of sorghum male sterility. Those mainly focus on the method of mechanical emasculation and classical methods to identify different types of CMS. In this review, the characterization of fertility restorer genes (Rf genes) in molecular level, and the effective chemicals to induce male sterility for sorghum are both summarized.

並列關鍵字

Sorghum bicolor ； emasculation ； cytoplasmic genic male sterility system (CMS) ； chemical emasculation

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