芽孢桿菌屬細菌處理甘藍種子對黑腐病之防治效果探討

甘藍黑腐病（black rot）為全球十字花科蔬菜之重要病害，其可藉由種子進行長距離傳播，在世界各地造成嚴重危害。目前化學藥劑防治與種子消毒處理並無法有效控制本病害的發生與蔓延，且甘藍黑腐病菌（Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris）菌株抗藥性亦已產生，而目前市場上常用的栽培品種抗病能力弱，生物農藥遂為本病害防治的新途徑。本研究擬篩選具拮抗黑腐病菌的枯草桿菌，應用於十字花科蔬菜種子上，以減少種子攜帶黑腐病菌。將所搜集的枯草桿菌菌株與黑腐病菌進行對峙培養，結果以WG6-14（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）、TKS1-1（B. subtilis）與SP4-17（B. megaterium）三菌株拮抗能力最強，其次為TCB9407與TCB102-B7。將液化澱粉芽孢桿菌（B.amyloliquefaciens）TCB102-B7、TCB9407與WG6-14及枯草桿菌（B. subtilis）TKS1-1等菌株進行量產醱酵，製備完成後取樣分析菌量與醱酵菌液養分成分，並與黑腐病菌進行對峙培養，抑制圈半徑在1cm以上。將各菌株之醱酵菌液與甘藍‘台中1號’種子進行拌種試驗，初步檢測種子上各液化澱粉芽孢桿菌與枯草桿菌菌株帶菌率100％，種子帶菌量則以TCB102-B7最高，每粒種子上可達4×10^5cfu以上，各菌株並有抑制種子黑腐病菌發生及提升幼苗發芽率效果。綜合試驗結果顯示所篩選之芽孢桿菌屬細菌可減少種子上所攜帶之黑腐病菌，可做為未來甘藍種子採種後拌種使用之生物製劑。

關鍵字

甘藍黑腐病菌；枯草桿菌；芽孢桿菌屬；種子處理

並列摘要

Cabbage black rot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Xcc) is an important disease of cruciferous vegetables in the world. It can be spread over long distances by seeds, causing serious damage all over the world. At present, chemical control and seed disinfection treatments cannot effectively control the occurrence and spread of this disease. Xcc strains have also developed resistance, and the currently commonly used cabbage cultivars on the market have weak disease resistance. Therefore, biological pesticides are a new way to prevent and control this disease. This study intends to screen Bacillus subtilis that can antagonize black rot bacteria and apply it to cruciferous vegetable seeds and seedlings to reduce the occurrence of seedling black rot. The collected B. subtilis strains and the black rot bacteria use the dual culture technique to test, and the results showed that the three strains WG6-14, TKS1-1 and SP4-17 had the strongest antagonistic ability, followed by TCB9407 and TCB102-B7. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TCB102-B7, TCB9407 and WG6-14, B. subtilis TKS1-1 and other strains were mass-produced fermented fermentation. After the preparation was completed, samples were taken to analyze the amount of bacteria and fermented ferment culture. Part of the ingredients, and use the dual culture technique to test black rot pathogen, the radius of the inhibition zone is more than 1cm. The fermented fermentation broth of each strain and the cabbage 'Taichung No. 1'seed were tested for seed dressing. The preliminary detection of the B.amyloliquefaciens and B. subtilis strains on the seeds was 100%, and the bacterial load of the seeds was TCB 102-B7, which was the highest, per gram The seed can reach more than 4×10^5cfu/seed, and each strain also has the effect of inhibiting the occurrence of seed black rot and increasing the germination rate of seedlings. The comprehensive test results show that the screened Bacillus subtilis can reduce the black rot bacteria carried on the seeds, and can be used as a biological preparation for seed dressing after the cabbage seeds are harvested in the future.

並列關鍵字

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Xcc ； Bacillus subtilis ； Bacillus strains ； seed treatment

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