運動態度、體適能對健身運動參與行為之影響：心理生物學模式

The Effects of Exercise Attitude and Physical Fitness to Exercise Behaviors: An Application of Psychobiological Model

楊亮梅(Liang-Mei Yang) ； 陳俊民(Chun-Ming Chen)

《中正體育學刊》 2期 (2009/08) Pp. 35-45

https://doi.org/10.30093/CCPEJ.200908.0004

摘要

運動參與行為的促進是數十年來全球關注的議題，也是各相關政府致力推動卻依然成效有限的政策之一。有關行為研究的理論指出，態度是影響個人行為和活動的重要因素（Noland＆Feldman，1984，1985）。此外，生理健康亦被認為是決定採取運動行為與否的影響元素，更有研究認為一個人的體適能水準會影響個人對運動所持之態度。基此，本研究之主要目的在探討體適能與運動態度──心理生物學模式──對運動行為的影響，盼研究結果可以提供更多的資訊以為運動促進策略之參考。方法：本研究以367名大一新生為抽測對象，所有受測者皆填答個人基本資料、運動參與狀況問卷及休閒運動態度問卷，並接受體適能檢測。研究結果發現：1.男生之運動時間及總運動量顯著高於女生；2.兩性之運動態度則皆傾向正面；3.瞬發力與肌耐力以男生表現較優異，女生柔軟度優於男生，身體質量指數亦比男生低；4.男生運動投入態度較佳；5.休閒運動態度可直接影響大學生運動的參與行為，體適能則必須透過休閒運動態度變項間接影響大學生運動的參與行為。結論：前述研究發現運動態度在大學生之運動行為上扮演非常重要角色，未來體育教學課程設計除增加學生體適能的目標外，更應建立或加強學生的正向運動態度，如此將更有助於提昇學生休閒時之運動參與。

關鍵字

體適能 ； 運動態度 ； 健身運動行為

並列摘要

Attitude toward exercise revealed the degree of positive and negative value of exercise in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). It may link to personal believe or expectation of the effects from exercise. Previous studies indicated that physical fitness levels might also affect people's attitude to exercise behaviors. The main purpose tended to explore the effects of exercise attitude (EA) and physical fitness (PF) to exercise behaviors (EB) applying Psychobiological Model. Method: Participates consisted of 349 (male=185, female=164) students recruited from two universities. Participates were asked to complete the Exercise Behavior Questionnaire, the Scale of Exercise Attitude and to evaluate their actual fitness afterwards. Result: Male students revealed more exercise time and total exercise level than female students. All students possessed positive exercise attitude. Male students' muscular endurance and strength fitness are better than female students. Inversely, female student had better flexibility fitness and Body Mass Index than male students. Male student are more positive attitude for attending exercise. Results also revealed that exercise attitude can affect university students' exercise behaviors and can be the mediator of physical fitness levels to exercise participating. Conclusion: Exercise attitude are significant for promoting university students' exercise behaviors. A designed program such as PE curriculum may facilitate not only to promote students' physical fitness but also to alter their exercise attitude in for attending exercise.

並列關鍵字

physical fitness ； exercise attitude ； exercise behavior