圍棋活動與體適能對學童問題解決能力之影響及性別差異

108課綱強調問題解決能力的培養，希望國小學童具備探索問題的思考能力，並透過體驗與實踐處理日常生活問題。本研究目的有三：一、探討圍棋活動對國小學童問題解決能力之影響和性別差異。二、探討體適能與學童問題解決能力的相關和性別差異。三、探討與問題解決能力相關之預測力。方法：在圍棋活動介入前，先施測全體研究參與者的體適能，並以立意分配分為實驗組與對照組，36位實驗組（男童19位、女童17位）進行十二週圍棋活動，每週一次，每次四十分鐘，另35位（男童20位、女童15位）不施予任何圍棋活動為對照組。研究工具有二：一、新編問題解決能力，二、體適能檢測。結果：1.圍棋活動介入：實驗組接受12週圍棋活動介入後，問題解決能力五項構面中有四項顯著優於對照組，僅預防問題構面兩組未達顯著；2.體適能方面：坐姿體前彎與問題解決能力呈正相關。最具學童問題解決能力預測力的體適能指標為坐姿體前彎和立定跳遠。3.在性別差異方面：問題解決能力無性別差異，然而在體適能中，女童體適能中坐姿體前彎與問題解決能力呈正相關，男童在問題解決能力中的預防問題進步幅度比女童較佳。結論：圍棋活動及體育運動符合情境學習（situated learning）的觀點，賦權予學生，透過團隊互動，在遊戲比賽情境中增進思考與問題解決能力，是實踐問題解決的最佳教育場域。

關鍵字

圍棋；情境學習；問題解決能力；多元階層迴歸

並列摘要

The 108 new curriculum for the 12-year Basic Education emphasizes the cultivation of problem-solving ability and ensuring that elementary school children will have the ability to deal with daily problems through experience and practice. The purpose of this study was threefold: 1. To investigate the effect of Go games on the problem-solving ability of primary school children and if there are any differences between genders. 2. To explore the correlation between physical fitness and problem-solving ability of school children and if there are any differences between genders. 3. To identify the strong predictors related to problem-solving ability. Method: Before the intervention of Go games, the physical fitness of all the research participants was measured. With purposive assignment participants were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental groups consisted of 36 participants (19 boys and 17 girls) and for a 12-week period Go games was were performed once a week for 40 minutes each time. The control group consisted of 35 participants (20 boys and 15 girls) and they were not given any Go game activity. There were two research tools: 1. The newly compiled problem-solving ability, and 2. Physical fitness testing. Results: 1. Go games activity intervention: After 12-week of Go games intervention in the experimental group, four of the five dimensions of problem-solving ability were significantly better than those of the control group, however, the problem-solving dimension between the two groups was not significant; 2. Physical fitness: The action of Sitting forward bending is positively correlated with problem-solving ability. The most powerful predictors of problem-solving ability in schoolchildren on a fitness index were seated forward bends and standing long jump. 3. Gender differences: there were no gender differences in problem-solving ability, but in terms of physical fitness, girls' sitting forward bending is positively correlated with problem-solving ability. Boys' progress in the dimension of problem prevention in problem-solving ability is better than girls. Conclusion: Go games and sports are in line with the viewpoint of the theory of situational learning in which it empowers the students to enhance their thinking and problem-solving abilities through the team interaction in game competition context and they are considered as the best educational fields for practicing problem-solving.

並列關鍵字

Go games ； situational learning ； problem-solving ability ； hierarchy regressio

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