東方梨之扦插與接插繁殖

Propagation of "Pyrus serotina" Rehd. by Stions and "in vitro" Cuttings

林信山(Hsin-Shan Lin)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 23號 (1991/05) Pp. 219-236

https://doi.org/10.29563/ZHWHGX.199105.0002

摘要

本試驗之目的在於瞭解影響梨扦插穗發根的各項因子，並探討以接插繁殖的可行性，進而建立梨之快速繁殖方法。試驗結果顯示梨之發根潛力因品種而異。半成熟枝以橫山梨枝之發根率最高，達48%，其次為鳥梨17%、新興梨3%，新世紀梨插穗均不發根。橫山梨半成熟枝以6月12日取自枝條之第4至第6節（從頂端算起）之發根率最高，而介質則以1份蛭石與1份珍蛛石混合成之介質最好，當插穗基部處理IBA 2000ppm液後再扦插於這種介質，發根率可達60%。成熟枝之發根率以仙楂的50.7%最高，接著依次為刺梨、橫山梨及鳥梨等，其他溫帶梨之插穗則均未發根。成熟枝取穗之適當時機為1且上旬至中旬，最適當的介質為2號蛭石，插穗基部浸IBA 2500ppm液可使發根率達到62.2%。供試溫帶梨各品種扦插均不易發根，試以接插繁殖的結果，顯示冷藏日期影響接插穗癒傷組織之形成與成活率。新世紀梨／刺梨組合成之接插穗冷藏40日癒傷組織形成率達到91%，冷藏20日之發根率為24%。砧枝則以頂端留0~1芽最有利於發根，而不同的穗砧組合發根率互異，以鳥梨枝為砧木，嫁接長福梨的發根率最高，達69.5%，嫁接新世紀梨為18.1%。水耕接插穗之發展，以水溫22℃、水中含100ppm之腐植酸與15ppm IBA的處理發根率最高，達到33.8%。

並列摘要

These experiments were carried out to study the factors may affect the rooting of ”in vitro” cuttings and to establish the propagation system through stions by using ”Pyrus serotina” Rehd. as material. The results showed that the rooting ability of pears essentially varied between cultivars. For the rooting ability of semi-hardwood, Hengshan pear was the most easily rooting cultivar which reached 48% in rate, then followed by Niauli, 17%, and Shinko, 3%, but Shinseiki cuttings did not root. The rooting ability of Hengshan pear semi-hardwood cuttings collected on June 12 and sampled from 4th to 6th nodes was better than that of the samples collected at other date and position. The suitable media was a mixture of one perlite: one vermiculite in volume. By adaption of this media, the rooting rate of Hengshan pear cuttings which basal portion previously treated with IBA 2000ppm solution reached 60%. The rooting rate of hardwood was different among test cultivars. As far as the rooting rate concerned, Shenchar was the most easily rooting cultivar, then followed by Chyli, Hengshan and Niauli, but the cuttings of the high chilling pears did not root. The proper sampling date was from early to mid of January, and the suitable media was vermiculite (grade 2). By dipping the basal portion of cuttings with IBA 2500ppm solution, the rooting rate could reach 62.2%. All of the high chilling pear cultivars studied were difficult-in-root. They were tried to propagate by stions. The results showed that the chilling period affected the formation of callus and survival rate of stions. Shinseiki/Chyli stions had 24% of survival rate in the treatment of chilling 20 days, and had 91% of callus formation rate observed at 40 days chilling period. Disbudding of stion stock has a general tendency of enhancing root formation. Depending on the scion cultivars, disbuded all buds or remain one bud on the top portion of stock cuttings help rooting of stions significantly. The rooting rate was different from the combination of scion/stock. For example, the rooting rates of Changfu/Niauli and Shinseiki/Niauli were 69.5% and 18.1%, respectively. In the water culture of stions, the optimum temperature of water was 22˚C, and the addition of 100ppm humic acid and 15ppm IBA enhanced the rooting of stions to the rate of 33.8%.