枇杷主要病害防治技術與生理障礙之預防

Control and Prevention of Diseases and Physiological Disorder in Loquat

劉添丁(Tien-Ting Liu)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 34號 (1994/06) Pp. 189-195

https://doi.org/10.29563/ZHWHGX.199406.0013

摘要

枇杷為台灣重要經濟果樹之一，栽培面積約為1367公頃，生育期間主要發生的病害計有灰斑病、赤衣病、污葉病、炭疽病、白紋羽病等五種。灰斑病主要為害嫩葉、老葉、枝條、果實等部位，發生時期在5至10月間，而以6~8月為發病盛期。赤衣病主要為害枝條，而呈枯枝，胞子傳播，主要在2~5月，田間發現病害則在3~8月間，防治該病以去除病枝為主，施藥為副。污葉病整年均可發現病斑，惟以8~12月為發生盛期，因其發生在葉背，對光合作用影響較少，因此對枇杷生育影響較灰斑病為輕。炭疽病主要為害果實，其發生與氮肥使用量過多及濕度高有明顯的關係，白紋羽病為一種土壤傳播根部病害，藉菌絲感染寄主的根部，亦藉菌絲傳播，為害根部使吸收及輸導功能喪失，以致葉片呈缺水黃化下垂。植株罹病後經數月或數年後萎凋枯死。防治枇杷病害首應著重整枝修剪工作，使果樹通風日照良好，修剪之發病枝條應立刻集中燒燬，以減少病源，並配合病害發生酌量使用藥劑，以達到良好的效果。主要生理障礙症狀有由高溫多濕、日光照射強烈引起之果實紫斑症，此外尚有寒害（霜害）、南風傷害、裂果等症狀。

並列摘要

There are five main diseases found on loquat such as leaf spot, pink disease, anthracnose, white root rot and blotch. Leaf spot infested young leaves, banches and fruit, occurred on May to October. Pink disease mainly infested branches on Febraury to May. The most effeceive control of pink disease is the removal of diseased branches. Blotch disease could found all year round, the peak stage is on August to December. Anthracnose mainly affected fruits, the occurrence of anthracnose is highly correlated with over-dosage of nitrogen application and high humid condition. White root rot is a soil-borne disease transmitted from root to root, affect root absortion and translocation, resulted in plant wilting and die. The control of loquat disease should focus on pruning and training to reduce infection. The main physiological disorder occurs in loquat mainly on fruit arepurple spot, cold injury, fire wind (foehn) injury and fruit cracking etc.