台灣中部地區有機農法可行性之研究

只要能夠適當地運用已經建立的一些現代化農業技術和經驗，在台灣中部地區推行有機農法是可行的，而且許多作物的產量和品質都會因而大幅提高，土壤肥力也可同時獲得改善。一般堆肥與化學肥料比較，其肥效多數不高，但本試驗於薰炭添加綜合性微生物再與各種有機肥混合後即刻使用，作物產量多數超越慣行農法很多。此外有機區之土壤酸鹼度多數保持在中性，鹽分保持在1 mmhos/cm以下，有機質含量顯著高於慣行區，土壤中之磷鉀鐵錳鋅銅等營養元素含量多數較高，而鎳鉻鎘鉛等無用元素之增加則非常有限。有機區缺錳是一個普遍問題，不過因作物與有機肥種類不同而其缺乏程度有很大差別。有機產品之風味品質多數較慣行法栽培者好，一些金屬元素如錳、鋅、銅、鎳等常有較低現象。有機區平時都以噴射多功能的糖醋液或糖木醋液為主，植株多數較為清爽健康。如果發生紋白蝶幼虫，縱捲葉虫，夜盜虫，螟虫等夜蛾類時使用蘇力菌防治多數有效，其他虫害和病菌則配合蒜頭、辣椒、菸葉、苦楝、苦艾、香茅、薄荷、酒精、煤油、梓腦油、微生物等一起使用以提高其防治效果。此外施用添加微生物之薰炭和木醋液等於土壤似乎對一些土壤病害有很好的防治效果。有機農法的缺點是有機肥的成本較高，體積較為龐大，使用時操作較不方便，但如能靈活利用農場的自生廢棄物或一些綠肥作物，成本即可降低，另外配合機械化作業，工作就會變成非常簡單輕鬆。

關鍵字

有機農法；台灣中部；一般作物

並列摘要

If some established up-to-date agricultural technique and experiences are properly utilized, implementation of organic farming in central Taiwan is possible. Besides it may help improve the yield and quality of many crops as well as the soil fertility. As compared with chemical fertilizers, the efficiency of common compost is not high enough. However, the yields of many crops in the organic plots often greatly exceeded those of the conventional farming, if rice hull charcoal with some useful microorganism is properly combined into the composts immediately before its application. Besides the soils in the organic plots usually maintain neutral, less than 1 mmhos/cm in salinity, higher organic matter, more phosphorus, potassium, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu etc., but the increases in Ni, Cr, Cd and Pb are still very limited. Deficiency of Mn is a popular problem in organic plots, however it differs greatly with crops. The taste and quality of organic products are generally better than those of the conventional plot, and some of its metallic elements such as Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni etc are often lower. Sugar vinegar or sugar woodvinegar was a multi-purpose routine spray and the plants usually looked clean and healthy in the organic plots. The spray of Bacillus thuringiensis was effective in preventing night moths such as cabbage worm, tobacco cutworm, rice leaf roller, and rice stem borer etc. Sometimes garlic, hot pepper, tobacco leaves, neem, mugwort, citronella, peppermint, alcohol, kerosene, camphor oil, and some microorganism etc. were combined in the above sprays to promote their effectiveness. soil treatment of rice hull charcoal with some useful microorganism and/or woodvinegar seemed to be effective in preventing some soil-borne diseases. The main drawback of organic farming is that its higher cost and magnificent volume of organic manures may cause some inconvenience in farming operation. However, the cost may greatly decrease if we can effectively utilize many kinds of farm wastes or green manure crops, and the farming operation will become very easy if some farm machinery are properly arranged and utilized.

並列關鍵字

organic farming ； central Taiwan ； common crops

國際替代計量

台灣中部地區有機農法可行性之研究

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