新品種葡萄之設施栽培

台灣葡萄設施栽培在萌芽後新梢生長初期，正逢生理休眠與環境休眠交替期，樹體養分無法正常轉換與運移而影響新梢初期生育，以致新梢生育衰弱、花穗末端易萎縮或停止生長，而且新梢帶花穗率低於露天栽培。在連續三年的試驗因氣候條件不同，品種間的萌芽率與新梢帶花穗率皆不相同，在1994年因受颱風影響，各品種萌芽率未達正常年的50%，而萌芽率以亞歷山大19~33%最低，其他品種為57~95%。新梢帶花穗率在三年間之差異較小，歐美雜交種較平穩，巨峰、蜜紅、龍寶及義大利等4品種在53.5~78.6%之間，歐洲系之亞歷山大及新玫瑰香兩品種之花穗率最低，僅14~16%及28~35%。果實生長期之結果枝生長量在三年間亦有不同變化，在開花期之枝梢長度以亞歷山大22.5cm及利A25.0cm最短，獨角獸92.6cm最長，其他品種在正常生育範圍。硬核期以後由於新玫瑰香、喜樂、義大利及獨角獸等歐洲種之結果枝再生長，到成熟期結果枝平均長度皆在142cm以上，超過正常枝長120cm甚多，影響果實發育第III期後果粒肥大與品質。巨峰葡萄果實生長期測定葉片葉綠素含量與光合成速率，在溫室內高於露天，各生育期葉片之二氧化碳交換率以幼果期最高，溫室內外分別為10.8及10.5 μ mole CO_2/m^2s，採收期則降低至3.5及5.7 μ mole CO_2/m^2s。各品種依其成熟期分別採收分析果實品質，歐洲種之穗重除亞歷山大較小外，其他品種穗重均大於雜交種，但糖度均比雜交種低。由調查結果，溫室栽培之歐洲種葡萄，萌芽率及新梢帶花穗率低，結果枝在硬核期以後再伸長，影響果實生育及品質。

關鍵字

葡萄；設施栽培；生育

並列摘要

Before the end of physiological dormancy in PE house cultivation of grapes in Taiwan, the shoot growth period between the transition stage of physiological dormaney and environmental dormancy, the three nutrition is not able to transform and translocate. The new shoot growth is affected, resulting in weak new ahoots, wilting, and abnormal inflorescence. The inflorescence rate in shoots is lower than that of field cultivation. Varieties under different climate conditions in different years had various budbreaking rates and inflorescence rates. Budbreak rate in 1994 due to the effect of typhoon was about 50% that of 1996. The difference of inflorescence rate between years was small. The Muscat of Alexandria had the lowest budbreaking rates in three years, 19-33%, the other varieties had rates of 57-95% in 1996. The new shoot inflorescence rates of Kyoho, Honey-Red, Ryuho, and Italia IP 65 ranged from 53.5 to 78.6%. The Muscat of Alexandria and Neo Muscat had lower inflorescence in shoot rates, 14-16% and 28-35%, respectively. The fruiting-shoot growth stage was varied in different years. The Muscat of Alexandria and Muscat Bailey A had the shortest shoot length at blooming stage, 22.5cm and 25.0cm, respectively, while Unicorn had the longest fruiting shoot of 92.6cm. The average length of fruiting shoot of Neo Muscat, Himrod seedless, Italia IP 65, and Unicorn at fruit maturity stage was 173.4cm, 172.8cm, 169.4cm, and 142.6cm, respectively. The chlorophyll content and leaf photosynthesis in PE house was higher than that of the field at fruit growth stage. The young berry stage had the highest values for net leaf CO_2 exchange rate, 10.8 and 10.5 μ mole CO_2/m^2s for the PE house and the field, and at harvesting stage, 3.5 and 5.7 μ mole CO_2/m^2s, respectively. The fruit quality analyses at fruit maturity stage indicated that Muscat of Alexandria had small fruit, while the fruit of other varieties was largerthan that of hybrid varieties, but total soluble solids content was lower than that of hybrid varieties. From the above results, it revealed that European varieties grwon in PE house had low budbreaking and flower cluster rates, the shoots had large amount of re-grwoth at veraison stage, thus affected the third fruit growth stage and fruit quality.

並列關鍵字

grap ； PE house culture ； growth and development

國際替代計量

新品種葡萄之設施栽培

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