葡萄健康苗生產應用

Production and Application of Healthy Grapevine Seedlings

徐思東(Szu-Tung Shu) ； 陳秉訓(Bing-Shiunn Chen) ； 楊耀祥(Yau-Shiang Yang) ； 楊佐琦(Tso-Chi Yang) ； 廖玉珠(Yu-Ju Liao) ； 陳駿季(Junne-Jin Chen) ； 林嘉興(Jia-Hsing Lin) ； 張致盛(Chih-Sheng Chang)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 67號 (2004/04) Pp. 115-126

https://doi.org/10.29563/ZHWHGX.200404.0008

摘要

優良健康種苗之利用為提昇果樹產量與品質之基本條件，取自葡萄莖頂微體繁殖之健康苗有別於傳統的無性繁殖苗，其具有苗木生產不受季節的限制、隔絕病毒及系統性病原、大量快速生產整齊優良的種苗及縮短新品種的推廣時間等優點。國內利用葡萄莖頂繁殖健康苗之技術，已由中興大學於1986年研發完成，自1995起與種苗改良繁殖場合作生產健康苗木，逐年供應產地更新種植，並與台中區農業改良場合作栽培技術推廣輔導。葡萄健康苗經由調查發現，其葉片呈現厚而平整，葉綠素含量高而葉色翠綠，光合成能力高，葉柄、莖、花梗之花青素多而呈紅色，枝梢生長強盛但不徒長，細根多且根域寬廣，各器官之細胞較小而多，組織緊密整齊，果實較大、著色及糖度上升快，果梗較具彈性而不易脫粒，其植株生長與果實品質均較一般植株為優。葡萄健康苗自1996年至2003年之間，已供應之苗數約10萬株，各產地種植後發現植株生長快速，果實發育整齊且品質較佳，尤其在著色及果粉方面更為明顯。台灣葡萄農戶多為小規模經營，難以全面更新健康苗而行隔離管理，甚至有與老樹混植之情形，容易發生病毒之再感染。今後有必要加強正確栽培管理之輔導，並整合推動健康苗之認證制度，期保障苗木之健康性及便於追蹤病毒檢測，以落實健康苗之推廣，提昇台灣葡萄在國際上之競爭力。

關鍵字

葡萄 ； 健康苗 ； 病毒

並列摘要

Healthy seedling is an essential component of producing good quality fruit and high yield. Shoot tip micropropagation has several advantages over conventional cutting propagation, which include no season limitation, elimination of viruses and pathogens, mass production of uniform seedlings.The technique of shoot tip micropropagation of grape was developed by National Chung Hsing University in 1986. In year 1955, a healthy grapevine seedling production program was conducted by National Chung Hsing University, collaborated with Seed Improvement and Propagation Station to make healthy seedlings available year-round for growers to replant. The researchers and experts from National Chung Hsing University and Taichung District Agricultural Improvement Station have worked together to transfer the techniques of growing healthy grapevine seedlings to the growers.It was found that the leaves of healthy grapevine seedlings were thick and smooth with high content of chlorophyll, and the petioles, shoot stems and flower stalks were reddish. Shoot growth was vigorous but not extremely, and the plant had plenty of fine roots and a wide root zone.Fruits of healthy plants showed better coloration and higher sugar content. More than 100,000 of healthy grapevine seedlings have been planted in the production regions during the last 7 years. The growers were pleased by the excellent performance of healthy seedlings, which showed fast plant growth good fruit quality and high yield.Most of the grapevine orchards in Taiwan are small and it is difficult to replant healthy seedlings in all orchards in a production region. As a result, the replanted healthy seedlings are exposed to an uncertain environment which still has a threat of re-infection of virus diseases.A certification system and a standard of field operation are needed to insure the success of the healthy grapevine seedling program, and to improve the competitiveness of grape production in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Grapevine ； Healthy seedling ； Virus