蔬菜育種－千寶菜、葉蘿蔔、豌豆苗及甘藍新品系之選育

Vegetable Breeding-Selections of Sanposai, Leafy Radish, Tender-Shoot Pea, and Cabbage New Lines

郭俊毅(Chun-Yi Kuo) ； 戴振洋(Chen-Yan Tai) ； 蕭政弘(Cheng-Hung Hsiao)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 60號 (2003/06) Pp. 71-80

https://doi.org/10.29563/ZHWHGX.200306.0033

摘要

中部地區為本省蔬菜重要產區，為提昇轄區內蔬菜之產量與品質，臺中場持續進行蔬菜品種改良工作，目前正進行千寶菜、葉蘿蔔、豌豆苗及甘藍等蔬菜之育種工作，近年來新育成之蔬菜品系均具多項優良特性，極具推廣栽培潛力。千寶菜臺中育一號係由千寶菜一代雜種日本2號中之高結實力單株，經分群混合選拔，於民國89年選育而成；本品系耐熱、耐濕，生育強健，適於夏季栽培；播種後25天左右即可採收；葉質柔嫩富甘味、品質極佳；因葉色較日本2號為淺，故其市場接受度較高；本品系為自然授粉品系，可於國內自行生產種子，以節省外匯。葉蘿蔔臺中育一號係由日本一代雜種“美綠”，經母系混合選拔，於民國89年選育而成。本品系耐熱、耐濕、生育強健，適合夏季栽培；播種後25天左右即可採收；其葉面無茸毛，辛辣味不強，富有甘味，品質優良；產量雖較“美綠”低，但高於“綠津”等國內品種；本品系亦為自然授粉品系，可自行採種，以降低種子費用。豌豆苗臺中苗系7號係用“黑目”與Mexique於民國73年進行雜交，至民國80年再用其第六世代之抗白粉病系統80－73回交“黑目”，本品系於民國86年選育而成，目前正進行區域試驗中。本品系之豆苗產量高出對照種“黑目”達21.4%；豆苗較為粗大，採收將較省工；本品系抗白粉病可穩定產量、節省防治成本及避免豆苗殘毒。甘藍臺中T5號係以自交不親和系統8505為母本，8513為父本組合而成的一代雜交種。本品系耐熱、耐濕及耐黑腐病，適合平地夏季栽培；定植後60天左右可採收，較對照種“夏峰”早熟2～5天；葉球重量高出“夏峰”2.5～14.5%；葉球無缺鈣症發生，葉質柔嫩富甘味，品質優良。

關鍵字

蔬菜育種 ； 新品系 ； 千寶菜 ； 葉蘿蔔 ； 豌豆苗 ； 甘藍

並列摘要

Taichung district is an important vegetable production zone in Taiwan. In order to enhance the yield and quality of vegetable crops in this district, Taichung DAIS has conducted the breeding and cultural improvement project of selected vegetable crops such as senposai, leafy radish, tender-shoot pea and cabbage for many years. Newly developed vegetable lines possess many superior characteristics and have the potential for release.Senposai Taichung Sel. 1 originated from a high-fertility individual plant of Japanese hybrid Senposai 2. After segregating this plant by using the method of group-separated mass selection, it was selected in 2000. The new line has heat and wet tolerance, vigorous growth and is suitable for summer growing. It can be harvested about 25 days after sowing and has sweet and tender leaf tissue. The leaf color of Taichung Sel. 1 is lighter than Japanase variety, therefore it is more acceptable by the market. Because it is an open-pollinated line, it can produce seeds in Taiwan.Leafy radish Taichung Sel. 1 was developed from Japanese hybrid ”Mei-Liuh” through maternal line selection method in 2000. This line has heat and wet tolerance, vigorous growth and is suitable for summer season cultivation. It can be harvested at 25 days after sowing. The tender leaf is hairless, sweet, less pungent, and good in quality, although yield is lower than ”Mei-Liuh” but higher than ”Liuh-Jin”. This line is also an open-pollinated line that can produce seeds in Taiwan to reduce the costs.Tender-shoot pea Taichung Sel. 7 stemmed from the hybrid crossed between ”Black Eye” and ”Mexique” in 1984, and its powdery mildew resistant line 80-73 of the F6 was then backcrossed to ”Black Eye” in 1991. This new line was selected in 1996 and is now at regional yield trial stage. The tender-shoot yield of this line is higher than the check variety ”Black Eye” by 21.4%. It has larger shoot diameter, thus labor-saving at harvest. The line has powdery mildew resistance, thus having stable yield performance, and reducing chemical applications and production costs.The F1 hybrid cabbage Taichung T5 was made by using the self-incompatibility line 8505 as female parent and 8513 as male parent. It has heat and wet tolerance and black rot resistance, and is suitable for summer season growing in lowland. It can be harvested about 60 days after transplanting, and 2-5 days earlier than check variety ”Summer Peak”. The head yield is 2.5-14.5% higher than ”Summer Peak”, with heads no calcium-deficiency syndrome. It has tender and sweet taste as well as excellent quality.

並列關鍵字

vegetable breeding ； new line ； senposai ； leafy radish ； tender-shoot pea ； cabbage