葡萄根系生長與管理

The Root-system Growth and Cultural Practice of Grapevine

張致盛(Chih-Sheng Chang) ； 楊耀祥(Yau-Shiang Yang)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 67號 (2004/04) Pp. 69-80

https://doi.org/10.29563/ZHWHGX.200404.0005

摘要

根是植物體的一部份，構成植株之地下部，葡萄根系無論在質量與功能上都相當重要。葡萄的新根一般在萌芽前即開始生長，溫帶地區一年一收生產模式之下，根系生長高峰分別在春夏之間新梢生長停止及果實採收之後的兩個時期。台灣一年二收生產模式新根生長高峰分別是在第一收與第二收新梢生長停止後約果粒硬核期之時，由於生產模式之差異，一年二收生產模式根系在果實採收後並沒有另一次明顯的生長。葡萄根系生長受環境如栽培果園的土壤物理性及化學性質之影響，田間栽培管理方式諸如整枝、枝條的修剪及果園中耕等，亦影響根系之生長。此外葡萄通常地上部與地下部為交互生長，地上部植株結果量亦影響地下部之生長。妥善的根系之管理，首先必須要提供根系生長良好的環境，包括良好的土壤物理性及適當的化學性，可促進根系生長良好；控制適當的結果量，維持地上部及地下部之平衡；適度的中耕，可以促進根系的更新。

關鍵字

葡萄 ； 根系 ； 生長 ； 栽培

並列摘要

Plant parts consist of the roots-system under the ground, which is very important both in volume and function. The young roots of grapevine began to grow before budbreaking in the spring. The mass growth of root system in one-crop per year occurred when the shoot growth slowdown and at the post-harvesting stages in the temperate-zone. In two-crops per year of Taiwan, the mass growth of root system in first and second crop occurred when the shoot growth slowdown of at the varison stage, and the flush growth of young roots was observed at the berry coloration stage. This result was different from the temperate-zone. The environmental factors, including the physics and chemistry of soil, the practice of training, shoot pruning and cultivation in vineyard, affected the root system growth of grapevine. The correlative relationship existed between the growth of the young roots and the shoots, an alternation of growth appeared between the root and the shoot in grapevines. The root growth was affected by the yield of the fruit, the growth of root system have negative correlation with the yield. The optimal cultural practices of root system are providing the superior environment with ideal physical and chemical condition, adjusting the fruit loading to sustain the balance between aboveground and subterranean and promoting renewal of root system by cultivation.

並列關鍵字

Grapevine ； Root system ； Growth