柿生理落果與防減技術

柿樹為產量不甚穩定的果樹，常易發生隔年結果現象。造成隔年結果之主因中，過度之生理落果佔有極重要的地位。柿樹的生理落果期雖有2〜3次高峰，但可概略分為前期落果與後期落果兩階段。六月前之落果稱為前期落果，第一次高峰發生在開花後20〜30天，枝條正處於大量生長及澱粉消耗的時期，此時的落果係果實與果蒂一起脫落而僅留果梗；後期落果發生於果實成熟前，果實於果實及果蒂間產生離層而脫落。影響生理落果程度的原因包括遺傳及環境因素。遺傳因子主要與其單為結果能力有關。環境因子包括開花後日照或遮陰的影響、土壤水分含量及氮的營養狀況。開花後日照或遮陰除影響光合產物之生成與利用外，也影響授粉媒介之活力。由於氮吸收量會影響枝條生長量，高氮下過度的營養生長易引發大量的生理落果。生理落果的防減可透過適度的氮肥施用、人工授粉或增加授粉媒介活力、環刻及生長調節物質的施用來達成。

關鍵字

柿；生理落果；單為結果；光照；遮陰；土壤水分；疏蕾；環刻；生長調節物質；人工授粉

並列摘要

Persimmon has significant alternative bearing behavior, which results in unstable yield. The most possibility to alternative bearing is physiological fruit drops. There are 2 to 3 high peaks in the persimmon physiological fruit drops and divides into two stages: early fruit drops and late fruit drops. Early fruit-drop also calls ”June drops”, and it comes after flowering 20 to 30 days, during the shoots are great growing and consuming the reserve. The fruits drop in this stage abscising with calyx and leaving the stalks only. Late fruit-drop, which fruits drop cause by the abscisic layer between fruits and calyx, begins at the time just before fruit maturation. The degree of physiological fruit drops are influenced by the ability of parthenocarpy, light intensity during flowering and fruit setting stage, the soil water content, and the nitrogen content of the tree. The light intensity after flowering affects the production and utilizing of the photosynthesis products, and also affects the viability of the pollination vectors. The nitrogen content affects the growth of shoots. High nitrogen content induces vegetative growth and causes large fruit-dropping. The moderate nitrogen fertilizing, artificial pollination, increasing the viability of pollination vectors, girdling, and the utilizing of the growth regulators can reduce the physiological fruit drops.

並列關鍵字

persimmon ； physiological fruit dropping ； parthenocarpy ； light intensity ； shading ； soil water content ； thinning ； girdling ； growth regulators ； artificial pollination

國際替代計量

柿生理落果與防減技術

全文下載

主題瀏覽