甜柿果實生理障礙及改善技術

The Fruit Physiological Disorders and Improvement Techniques in Non-astringent Persimmon

張致盛(Chih-Sheng Chang) ； 張林仁(Lin-Ren Chang)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 71號 (2004/12) Pp. 195-212

https://doi.org/10.29563/ZHWHGX.200412.0013

摘要

台灣栽培甜柿主要的品種為富有、次郎及花御所，其中以富有品種栽培最多約佔76%，其次為次郎品種約佔22%。甜柿果實之生理礙在現有經濟品種普遍都會發生，並且會因品種差異而產生不同之生理障礙。目前最主要的栽培富有品種由於果形屬於扁圓寶珠形，在果實生育後期於果肩部位發育，管理不當時容易產生蒂部裂果；次郎品種較易發生果頂裂果；花御所品種則上述二種生理障礙都會發生，此外現有品種經常產生之生理障礙有污損果及果頂軟化。生理障礙會降低甜柿產量、果實品質及儲架壽命，對於生產者之收益影響很大。由於造成生理障礙之原因相當複雜，因此要降低甜柿果實生理障礙之發生除了品種的選擇外，必須改善果園生產環境，進行適當的養分及水分管理，配合果園條件因地置宜的整枝修剪與栽培管理技術之施行，適當的控制植株生長並能維持果實正常的發育。

關鍵字

生理障礙 ； 果蒂裂果 ； 果頂裂果 ； 污損果 ； 果頂軟化

並列摘要

The main cultivated varieties of sweet persimmon are 'Fuyu', 'Jirou' and 'Hanagosho' of which the former two consisted of the 76% and 20% of production acreage in Taiwan, respectively. The fruit physiological disorder is widely occurred on all economical varieties and varied with different varieties. The major cultivated variety 'Fuyu' forms flat-round fruit shape under improper management condition, the connect area of fruit shoulder and fruit petal will produce cracking fruit. The variety 'Jirou' often occur cracking fruit at fruit apex. While 'Hanagosho' has both of the symptom of fruit cracking. The other fruit physiological disorders are blemishing fruit and softening of fruit apex. The disordered fruits will affect the fruit yield, fruit quality as well as shelf life thus reduce the farmer's income. The cause of fruit physiological disorder is quite complicated. To reduce its occurrence, besides the selection of varieties, the improvement of orchard environment, suitable nutrition and orchard water management, as well as proper pruning and cultural practice to adjust the tree vigor are needed.

並列關鍵字

physiological disorder ； fruit cracking of the calyx end ； cracking of fruit apex ； blemishing fruit ； softening of fruit apex