梨樹主要害蟲之發生生態與防治

Occurrence, Ecology of Major Pests of Pear and Their Control

王文哲(Wen-Jer Wang)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 75號 (2005/12) Pp. 367-386

https://doi.org/10.29563/ZHWHGX.200512.0013

摘要

梨樹為台灣三大經濟果樹之一，已記錄危害梨樹之害蟲及有害動物種類繁多，本報告僅就台中場歷年調查發現之常見害蟲及有害動物種類加以記述。調查資料顯示，中部地區梨樹主要害蟲計有24種，有害動物種類則有4種（以下簡稱害蟲）。在這些害蟲種類中，由於梨樹栽培海拔位置不同，以致害蟲發生相亦有所差異。在發生之害蟲種類中，高低海拔均有發生的害蟲，包括：棉蚜、桃蚜、梨瘤蚜、吹綿介殼蟲、太平洋臀紋粉介殼蟲、桑白介殼蟲、知本根粉介殼蟲、中國梨木蝨、黔梨木蝨、綠椿象、咖啡木　蛾、台灣花薊馬、班星天牛、東方果實蠅、二點葉　及扁蝸牛等。梨綠蚜、梨圓盾介殼蟲、小白紋毒蛾及臺灣黃毒蛾主要發生於低海拔梨區，高海拔梨區甚少發現；而梨銹　、玫瑰捲葉象鼻蟲、梨葉芽象鼻蟲、黃星天牛、白條天牛、三角辜小綠葉蟬及歐洲葉　等主要發生於高海拔梨區，低海拔梨區則未見發生。因此，根據各地區害蟲發生之種類及其消長，建立適當的防治模式，是為達到經濟、安全、有效的策略。

關鍵字

梨 ； 害蟲 ； 生態與防治

並列摘要

A large number of pests have been recorded for pear, one of the three most important fruit trees in Taiwan. This report describes only those commonly seen in surveys made over the years in Taichung District Agricultural Improvement Station. A total of 24 insects and 4 other pests have been found in pear orchards in central Taiwan, with their occurrence varying with elevations of cultivation. Pests that occur in both low and high elevations include Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae, Aphanostigma piri, Icerya purchasi, Planococcus minor, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Crisicoccus chipponensis, Cacopsylla chinensis, Cacopsylla qianli, Nezara viridula, Zeuzera coffeae, Frankiniella intonsa, Anoplophora maculata, Bactrocera dorsalis, Tetranychus uritcae and Bradybaena similaris. Aphis pomi, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, Orgyia postica and Porthesia taiwana are primarily found in pear orchards of low elevation and rarely seen in orchards of high elevation. On the other hand, Acalodes sp., Apoderus sp., Phyllobius sp., Psacothea hiraris, Batocera lineolata, Aguriahana triangularis and Panonychus ulmi occur only in pear orchards of high elevation, but never in low elevation. Therefore, formulating proper measures, based on the kinds of pests and their population fluctuations in pear orchards for each region, is essential for the economical, safe and effective control strategy.

並列關鍵字

pear ； pest ； ecology and control