甘藍育種成果及未來育種方向

Achievements and Future Research Directions in Cabbage Breeding

蕭政弘(C. H. Hsiao) ； 郭俊毅(C. Y. Kuo)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 88號 (2007/12) Pp. 36-56

https://doi.org/10.29563/ZHWHGX.200712.0025

摘要

台灣甘藍品種幾乎全由日本進口，由於位居亞熱帶冬季低溫不足，常使甘藍平地不易開花。有鑑於此台中區農業改良場自民國70年開始陸續自葉深等品種中，分離並篩選在平地能自然開花結實之品系，同時分離選拔具自交不親和性的品系。其後代於夏季期間進行分離選拔，冬季期間則進行自交不親和性選拔，93年並由兩自交系T11A及T5B組合育成一代雜交種。其後數年進行品系試驗、區域試驗及性狀檢定調查，最後確定該雜交組合具夏季耐熱、冬季高產、心短、外葉少及品質優良等特性，且表現穩定，因此於96年5月提出新品種甘藍台中1號品種權申請，並於該年11月通過品種權審查。由於甘藍為世界性之蔬菜，為因應全球化趨勢下，品種競爭將更加白熱化，甘藍育種材料之引種應由自然春化開花走向人工春化開花以擴大種原；在育種方法方面，應由自交不親和性育種走向雄不稔性育種，以避免自交系退化及雜交一代純度不足之問題。在目前質優種原的基礎下走向抗病與抗逆，由中生種走向早生種，以面對氣候變遷之不確定環境因素；並應注重新品種之貯運性，以面對越趨頻繁之國際貿易。

關鍵字

甘藍 ； 育種

並列摘要

Most varieties cultivated in Taiwan were introduced from Japan. These introduced varieties did not shoot to seed in lowland because low temperature requirements were always insufficient for cabbage vernalization in subtropical Taiwan. This posed an obstacle to getting seeds in breeding cabbage. In view of this problem, Taichung DARE has made an effort to select inbred lines with the characteristics of shooting to seed in subtropical lowland and self -incompatibility from such varieties as Yeh-Shen, Early Autum, Summer Peak, Sixty Days, etc., starting from 1981. During the breeding period, segregations and selections were conducted in summer seasons, and evaluations of self-incompatibility were carried out in winter seasons. Following the development of superior inbred lines, these inbreds were combined among themselves to produce F1 hybrid varieties. Through variety & regional tests, and the examination of DUS, the yield, quality, and disease resistance of these F1 hybrid varieties were evaluated. Finally, an outstanding F1 hybrid variety named Taichung No.1 was selected. T11A and T5B are the parents of Taichung No.1. The experimental results revealed that Taichung No. 1 has hot tolerance in summer, high yield in winter, shorter inner stem, less outer leaves and stable yield performance. We have got the variety right for Taichung No.1 in November, 2007.Collection of germplasm to enrich the genetic diversity and study of applying artificial cold treatment to induce bolting are two non-specific breeding objectives. Development of inbred lines with male sterility to replace the self-incompatibility lines, and development of new variety with early maturity, better yield and quality, black-rot resistance and good storage ability to enhance international competitiveness are some of the most important objectives in the future breeding programs.

並列關鍵字

cabbage ； breeding