嫁接與春化處理對甘藍開花及葉球品質之影響

Effects of Grafting and Vernalization on the Flowering and Head Quality of Cabbage

陳羿蓁(Yi-Chen Chen)

指導教授 ： 林淑怡

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝暨景觀學系/碩士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201602963

摘要

甘藍 (cabbage; Brassica oleracea L. var capitata) 為綠植株春化型 (plant-vernalization-responsive) 植物，因此在低溫不足的熱帶與亞熱帶平地地區，需春化處理來誘導開花。嫁接 (grafting) 廣泛應用於葫蘆科及茄科果菜類蔬菜商業生產，主要目的為增強對土壤傳染性病害及非生物性逆境的抗性、提高生長勢、增加產量及誘導或促進開花。本研究希望建立甘藍嫁接癒合條件、探討嫁接與春化處理對甘藍開花、開花相關基因表現及葉球品質之影響，共計四個試驗。試驗一建立甘藍嫁接苗最適癒合條件，嫁接苗於15℃、相對溼度85%、黑暗或高光強度 (79~107 μmol∙m-2∙s-1) 之癒合環境有最高之嫁接成活率；嫁接後35天嫁接苗狀苗指數則以20℃、相對溼度75%或95%、高光強度 (79~107 μmol∙m-2∙s-1) 之癒合環境最高。試驗二探討不同根砧種類及品種對甘藍嫁接苗開花及葉球品質之影響，‘初秋’甘藍嫁接於不同根砧上皆未促進開花；嫁接在‘芥藍’根砧其葉球抗壞血酸及總可溶性固形物含量顯著高於自接組與未嫁接組，唯需種於容器中。試驗三探討春化處理對甘藍嫁接株開花及開花相關基因表現之影響，‘初秋’甘藍嫁接於‘翠津’芥藍 (C/K) 經5℃或10℃人工春化處理6週後，定植於25/20℃環境，未能開花；隨著春化時間的延長，雖然BoFLC4-1表現量降低，BoVIN3及BoFT表現量增加，然而C/K組並未較未嫁接組及自接組更快降低BoFLC4-1表現量或是增加BoVIN3及BoFT表現量；不同根砧甘藍嫁接苗種植於高山進行自然春化，其到花天數雖顯著快於種植於平地之植株，但嫁接於不同根砧其到花天數無法快於自接組或未嫁接組。試驗四我們嘗試將‘初秋’甘藍嫁接於已開花‘翠津’芥藍花莖，結果仍舊無法誘導或促進開花。綜上所述，雖然甘藍嫁接於不同品種芥藍根砧與‘和風’甘藍根砧無法促進開花，但本研究建立甘藍嫁接最適癒合條件，未來可用於嘗試其他根砧種類促進開花之可能，亦可應用於其他嫁接目的。

關鍵字

甘藍 ； 嫁接 ； 開花 ； 葉球

並列摘要

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitate) is plant-vernalization-responsive type plant which requires vernalization to induce flowering in tropical and subtropical lowland areas where lack sufficient low temperature. Grafting is widely used in commercial production of cucurbits and solanaceous vegetables, so as to, e.g., improve resistance to soil-borne diseases and tolerance to abiotic stresses, promote plant vigor, increase yield, and induce or promote flowering. This research aims to set up the healing conditions for cabbage grafting, and investigate effects of grafting and vernalization on flowering, gene expression levels of flowering related genes and leaf head qualities, though four experiments. In experiment I, the best healing conditions for grafted cabbage seedlings were developed. The highest survival rate of grafted seedlings was found under healing conditions of 15℃, relative humidity (RH) 85%, and dark or high light intensity (79~107 μmol∙m-2∙s-1). On the growth of grafted cabbage seedlings after grafted 35 days, the highest seedling index was shown under healing conditions of 20℃, RH 75% or 95%, and high light intensity (79~107 μmol∙m-2∙s-1). Experiment II investigated the effects of different species and cultivars of rootstock on flowering and leaf head qualities in grafted cabbage plants. Cabbage ‘K-Y cross’ grafted onto different rootstocks did not promote flowering. Cabbage ‘K-Y cross’ grafted onto Chinese kale rootstocks ‘Jie Lan’ had significant higher content of ascorbic acid and total soluble solids in leaf head than cabbage ‘K-Y cross’ self-grafted or ungrafted plants, but only when grown in containers. Experiment III investigated the effects of vernalization on flowering and gene expression levels of flowering related genes in grafted cabbage plants. Cabbage ‘K-Y cross’ grafted onto Chinese kale cv. ‘Cuei Jin’ rootstock (C/K), treated with 5℃ or 10℃ artificial vernalization for 6 weeks, and then transplanted to 25/20℃ environment did not flower. Although expression level of BoFLC4-1 reduced, while BoVIN3 and BoFT increased as the vernalization time extented. However, the expression levels of BoFLC4-1, BoVIN3 and BoFT in C/K were not changed much faster than that of self-grafted or ungrafted cabbage plants. Grafted cabbage plants with different rootstocks grown in highland for natural vernalization flowered earlier than that grown in sea level, but days to flowering in grafted cabbage with different rootstocks were not earlier than that of self-grafted or ungrafted cabbage plants. In experiment IV, we try to grafted cabbage ‘K-Y cross’ on the flowering stalk of Chinese kale ‘Cuei Jin’, but it still cannot induce or promote flowering. In conclusion, even though grafted cabbage on rootstocks of different Chinese kale cultivars or cabbage cv. ‘He Fong’ could not promote flowering, but the research developed the best healing conditions for grafted cabbage seedlings which could be used to test the possibility of flowering promotion when combination with different rootstock species or be applied in other grafting purposes in the future.

並列關鍵字

cabbage ； grafting ； flowering ； leaf head

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