臺灣地區有機農業產業發展

Development of Organic Agriculture Industry in Taiwan

陳世雄(Shih-Hsiung Chen)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 113號 (2012/10) Pp. 1-20

https://doi.org/10.29563/ZHWHGX.201210.0001

摘要

全球暖化、氣候異常日益嚴重，已為不爭的事實。在氣候異常變化、土地消失、可耕種面積縮小、水資源缺乏下，又遭逢全球人口數量不斷增加，所引發的糧食危機與通膨問題愈演愈烈。如今，在全球各地若非出現旱災即是大水，俄羅斯、中國等旱災頻頻，巴西、澳洲等南半球卻大水危患，主要農產國家首當其衝，使得農產品供給呈現相當不穩定的狀態。聯合國農糧組織（FAO）半年糧食展望，已經預警2011年後全球糧食供應將更趨緊縮，糧食危機發酵，廣受關注。有機農業是維護土壤生產力、環境生態及國民健康的重要農業生產體系。近年來，全球有130個以上國家，特別是先進國家，積極推動有機農業的發展。我國有機農業推廣多年，經驗證的有機農業面積雖然成長不少，卻還達不到全部農作面積的0.5%，遠不及市場需求之成長，也遠落後於各先進國家。臺灣自1986年完成「臺灣推行有機農業可行性」評估後，發展有機農業栽培技術至今已逾20餘年，迄2011年12月底通過有機農產品驗證機構驗證之有機農糧產品驗證面積共5,015公頃，包括水稻、蔬菜、果樹、茶樹及其他作物。顯示臺灣有機農業發展已逐漸從摸索期走向孕育期，有機作物驗證面積逐年增加，產量亦隨之增加。為促進臺灣有機產業國際化，極需與國際進行交流，提升我國研究水準及從業人員之國際觀，進一步加強區域合作關係。

並列摘要

Global warming and climate change have become more and more seriously in recent years. Under dramatic climate change, decreasing cultivable land, shortage of water, the world population is increasing higher and higher. Therefore, the food crisis and inflation have been soaring. Today, droughts and floods spread all over the world. While Russia and China were suffered by droughts, Brazil and Australia were damaged by floods seriously. Thus, the climate has affected the supply of agricultural production. FAO warned that the supply of food will decrease significantly in 2011. Organic agriculture is an important method for sustainable land production and health of people. Recent years, there are more than 130 countries especially developed countries are eager to promote organic agriculture. Taiwan has promoted organic agriculture for more than 20 years. Although the organic certified acres have increased a lot, the organic certified acres are only 0.3% of total cultivation acres and much less than market demand. The evaluation of feasibility of organic farming in Taiwan was conducted in 1986. Since then, Taiwan has been conducting organic farming for more than 25 years. After the organic law issued in 2008, the total certified organic cropping area in Taiwan is 5,015 ha, which include rice, vegetable, fruit, tea, and others, in 2011. It shows that Taiwan organic farming industry becomes mature and organic cropping area and yield are growing gradually. For developing Taiwan organic agriculture, it requires more experiences exchange with worldwide countries. Thus, it could help Taiwan raise the research level and global perspective. In addition, it will facilitate regional communication and exchange as well as strengthen regional cooperation.