The Utilization of Natural Enemies for the Control of Insect Pests at Organic Farming in Taiwan and other Countries

天敵在國內外有機農業害蟲防治上的利用

章加寶(Chia-Pao Chang) ； 黃勝泉(Sheng-Chuan Hwang) ； 吳怡慧(Yi-Hui Wu)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 113號 (2012/10) Pp. 149-163

https://doi.org/10.29563/ZHWHGX.201210.0007

摘要

利用天敵來防治害蟲的生物防治在古老的中國就已經被使用，由於農藥之使用所引起的農藥殘留、抗藥性、環境污染及危害野生動物等的副作用和環境問題，因此利用天敵防治害蟲更扮演重要的角色。現代害蟲的管理方式則以使用最少量的農藥達到安全有效的目的，因此藉由害蟲的生態知識、天敵的保育、飼育及釋放，結合各種防治方法而溶入作物管理系統而壓制害蟲於經濟為害界限之下則勢在必行。近年來更由於生態保育時代的來臨，且生物防治具有高生態選擇性的特性，亦與其他防治方法具相容性，因此天敵在生物防治上的利用成為最重要的項目。本文僅就我國往昔及目前天敵研發及利用情形，再就國外天敵利用情形提出報告，因此藉由瞭解國外天敵大量繁殖技術之研發，比較臺灣與國外天敵繁殖及利用、天敵釋放技術及防治效益，並以此作為我國生物防治工作之依據，建立多元化之防治技術，以整合性防治技術。

並列摘要

Injury caused by the use of chemical agents such as resistance and residual issues and the biological control of insect pests was emphasized, but large-scale research and application is a recent case. The utilization of the natural enemies of insect pests in bio-control was focused on predatory and parasitic natural enemies and regarded as the mainly bio-control force, and that played an essential role in insect pest control and ecological conservation. Natural enemies included predatory and parasitic insects, micro-organisms and the other animals such as mammals, birds, spiders, etc. In biocontrol market, there are over a hundred companies to sell the natural enemies around the world. The natural enemies have already accumulated the substantial research and promotion of energy in the past and at present in Taiwan. In this article, we will discuss the utilization of natural enemies and provide a reference in organic farming.