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天敵昆蟲在有機農業害蟲防治之應用

The Natural Enemies Applying on the Organic Agriculture

摘要


在農業生產中導入天敵生物以防治作物上之害蟲,不但可以壓制害蟲密度,並有減少農策使用及其對環境污染之優點,藉以達到生態平衡之功能。臺灣隨著消費者日益注重食品安全與健康,使有機農業更具發展潛力,因此在有機農業生產之害蟲管理系統中,應用天敵生物防治害蟲是有效且安全的方法之一。天敵昆蟲分為捕食性及寄生性天敵,在臺灣重要的種類包括草蛉、椿象、瓢蟲、螳螂、捕植螨及寄生蜂,可作為農作物生產時防治蚜蟲、薊馬、葉螨等小型害物,以及果實蠅與特定鱗翅目害蟲之利用,降低害蟲危害作物之程度。本文就其相關研究與目前應用情形作扼要介紹,以提供有機農業在防治害蟲上之參考。

並列摘要


The biological control for pests displays advantages in reducing usage of pesticide, decreasing environmental pollution, and proventing from reoccurrence of insect pests. Therefore, its application get more attentions since more customers prefer healthy and insectcide-free vegetables and fruits. The key predators including the lacewings, stink bugs, ladybugs, mantis, phytoseiid mites and parasitic wasps are good control agencies for aphids, thrips, spider mites, other small pests as well as the specific Lepidopteran pests. The present status of the application of natural enemies is reviewed in the present paper.

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