木黴菌生物製劑之開發與應用

Development and Application of Trichoderma Biological Agents

陳俊位(Chein-Wei Chen) ； 鄧雅靜(Ya-Ching Teng) ； 蔡宜峯(Yi-Fong Tsai)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 127號 (2015/05) Pp. 10-46

摘要

有機農業在國內推廣雖已有多年，然而病蟲害防治與月巴培管理技術一直是讓農友頭痛的問題。功能性微生物製劑（functional micro-organism agents）為近來新開發的防治資材，學者專家已發現多種微生物具有病蟲害防治效果與分解有機資材的能力，除可應用於病蟲害防治與農業資源再生利用外，這些菌種並具有能促進植物生長、養分吸收及病害抑制的功能，近來史發現其能誘導植物產生系統性抗性，而使病原感染時所造成之發病率或發病程度顯著降低，亦可降低害蟲之為害程度，為應用於有機農業栽培的新產品開發範疇。在這些微生物中木黴菌為應用於病害防治的有效微生物群。現已知用於生物防治研究的木黴菌種類，包含有哈去木黴菌（T. harzianum）、鉤狀木黴菌（T. hama的m）、長枝木黴菌（T. longibrachiatum）、康氏木黴菌（T. koningii）、綠色木黴菌（T. viride）、黏帚黴菌（Gliocldium virens）、多孢木黴菌（T. polysporum）及棘手包木黴菌（T. asperellum）等。其它有被運用於其它病害防治試驗的菌株尚包含有T. atroviride、T. aureoviride、T. brevicompactum、T. ghanense、T. glaucum、T. longibrachiatum、T. piluLφrum、T. pseudokoningii、T. virens及T. reesei。而在本場近幾年的研究中，針對棘孢木黴菌（T. asperellum）除開發成病害防治製劑外，也針對其纖維質分解酵素產生的能力開發成分解有機資材的生物製劑。

關鍵字

功能性微生物製劑 ； 有機農業 ； 木黴菌

並列摘要

Although the promotion of organic farming in the country for many years, however, pest control and management techniques Feipei been let farmers headaches. Functional microbial agents for the recent development of new prevention and treatment of materials, scholars have found that a variety of microorganisms have pest control effects and the ability to break down organic materials, in addition can be applied to pest control and recycling of agricultural resources, these strain and has to promote plant growth, nutrient absorption and disease suppression function, more recently found to induce the plant to produce systemic resistance, significantly reduce the incidence of disease severity or when leaving the pathogen causing the infection, can also reduce pest The extent of damage, as used in organic agriculture cultivation areas of new product development. In these microorganisms Trichoderma is applied to effective disease control microorganisms. Trichoderma species are now known for the biological control research, including a Trichoderma harzianum, T. hamatum, T. longibrachiatum, T. koningii, T. viride, Gliocldium virens, T. polysporum and T. asperellum and so on. Others have been used in other disease control test strains still contain T. atroviride, T. aureoviride, T. brevicompactum, T. ghanense, T. glaucum, T. longibrachiatum, T. piluliferum, T. pseudokoningii, T. virens and T. reesei. In recent years, the field of study, for T. asperellum in addition to developing a disease control agents, but also the ability to produce enzymes break down for its development into a decomposition of organic fibrous materials of biological agents. In the screening of purified Trichoderma (Trichoderma spp.) Family strains have been developed using these strains various agricultural products such as bio-composting technology, media, functionality and other microbial agents, the use of significant achievements in the field.

並列關鍵字

functional microbial agents ； organic agriculture ； Trichoderma spp.