紅龍果廢棄枝條堆肥化及其應用於栽培介質之研究

Research on Compost of Pitaya Pruning Wastes and Utilization in Culture Medium

曾宥綋(You-Hong Zeng) ； 郭雅紋(Ya-Wen Kuo) ； 陳鴻堂(Hong-Tang Chen)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 131號 (2016/04) Pp. 61-70

摘要

本研究以紅龍果枝條分解菌-鏈黴菌株CP3(Streptomyces sp. CP3)與羽毛分解菌-產脲節桿菌株K10(Arthrobacter ureafaciens K10)，接種於紅龍果廢棄枝條進行堆肥，其中以紅龍果廢棄枝條與養菇廢棄木屑製作低養分堆肥Pi，以紅龍果廢棄枝條、養菇廢棄木屑與羽毛製作高養分堆肥Pif，兩種堆肥成品皆為微酸性，Pif堆肥之EC值與氮含量顯著高於Pi，而Pi之鉀、鈣與鎂含量則高於Pif。以此兩種堆肥經調配製作4種介質，為Pi、Pif、Pi:Pif (3:1, V/V)與Pi:Pif (1:1, V/V)，其pH皆呈弱酸性、C/N小於20、總體密度約0.2g/cm3、氮及水溶性鈣含量以Pif較高而水溶性鉀與鎂含量以Pi較高。青椒種植於此四種介質，生育期間未施用肥料與養液，除種植於Pi介質之植株生育不良，種植於其他3種介質植株生育良好，單果重86.9~93.3g，單株累積產量介於973.1~1,150.0g，糖度介於3.7~3.8°Brix，顯示紅龍果枝條養分經堆肥濃縮作用，可提高堆肥成品之鉀、鈣與鎂含量，供應果菜類作物之營養需求，而紅龍果廢棄枝條及羽毛堆肥成品可應用於長肥效栽培介質，具應用於與其他栽培介質混合使用，減少施肥頻率與用量之潛力。

關鍵字

紅龍果廢棄枝條 ； 羽毛 ； 堆肥 ； 栽培介質 ； 長效肥力 ； 青椒

並列摘要

The pitaya cladode-degrading bacterium Streptomyces sp. CP3 and feather-degrading bacterium Arthrobacter ureafaciens K10 were inoculated in pitaya pruning wastes (PPW) compost. The two piles of compost were implemented as high nutrient Pif and low nutrient Pi. The raw materials of the Pi compost were PPW and mushroom sawdust wastes (MSW) and those of Pif compost were PPW, MSW and duck feather. The two composts were slight acidity, the EC value and nitrogen content were higher in the Pif compost product, but the potassium, calcium and magnesium were higher in Pi compost product. The four culture mediums were prepared by using the two composts and mixture as Pi, Pif, Pi : Pif (3:1, v/v) and Pi : Pif (1:1, v/v). The characteristics of the four mediums were slightly acidity, C/N ratio was less than 20 and the bulk density was around 0.2 g/cm^3. The total nitrogen and water extractable calcium contents were higher in Pif, however the water extractable potassium and magnesium contents were higher in Pi. The green peppers were planted in the four mediums and no fertilizer or nutrients input during cultivation process. The results showed green pepper could grow well in these mediums except grown in Pi medium and the fruit weigh was around 86.9~93.3 g, the accumulated yield was around 973.1~1,150.0 g, the TSS was around 3.7~3.8 brix. The potassium, calcium and magnesium in the PPW can be concentrated in composting process and then produced compost products with nutrient characteristics suitable for fruit vegetables. The PPW and feather can be used in compost for producing long-lasting fertility medium that can apply in mixture with other culture mediums for decreasing fertilizer rates and amounts.

並列關鍵字

pitaya pruning waste ； feather ； compost ； culture medium ； long-lasting fertility ； green pepper