鳳梨釋迦產期調節研究發展與產業調適

目前臺灣番荔枝屬(Annona)果樹栽培面積5,394公頃，產量約55,000公噸，主要經濟栽培的種類有番荔枝(A. squamosa)及鳳梨釋迦(A. squamosa×A. cherimola)二大類。光及溫度為影響番荔枝果樹開花之主要因子。番荔枝花朵為兩性花且具雌蕊先熟特性，利用人工授粉可提高著果率，穩定產量及提高品質。鳳梨釋迦正常結果之夏期果採收後容易裂果，無法正常後熟，果品不具商業價值，經導入番荔枝產期調節技術後，將產期轉移到低溫月份，採後裂果現象即大幅降低，可進行經濟生產。裂果問題獲得解決後，產業乃蓬勃發展，成為一個重要的果樹產業。近年來更配合利用夜間燈照來促進秋冬季之開花著果，具有延長產期及穩定產量之功效，產期由12月至翌年5月間，可長達6個月。近年來臺灣鳳梨釋迦多以外銷為主，2016年外銷量達10,270公噸，已成為世界上重要之生產及出口國。惟外銷國家以中國大陸占99%，市場過於集中，需積極開發鄰近國家市場，以分散風險。

關鍵字

鳳梨釋迦；產業；人工授粉；夜間燈照

並列摘要

Two major Annona fruit crops, sugar apple (A. squamosa) and atemoya (A. squamosa × A. cherimola), are produced in Taiwan with cultivated area of 5,394 ha and the annual production of 55,000 t. Temperature and light are the major factors infl uencing the fl owering of atemoya. Atemoyas are hermaphroditic and protogynous dichogamy, artifi cial pollination techniques were developed to increase the fruit setting, yields and fruit quality. But high percentage of fruit cracking after harvest reduced atemoya fruits value in summer months, and fruit didn’t ripe then had no values. Using forcing culture, the harvest time of atemoya fruits was regulated from summer to winter-spring that fruit cracking was reduced and could be economic produce. The fruit cracking problem was also solved. The atemoya fruit industry has become more important in Taiwan. And a prolonged lighting technology was developed to for fruit production of atemoya that could promote atemoya blossom and fruiting in fall-winter. Because pruning and lighting, atemoya had longer and stable production from December to May. Atemoya production can be up to 6 months. Atemoya fruits produced in Taiwan are mainly exported, with up to 10,270 t in 2016, Taiwan has become an important country for atemoya production in the world. But most of the atemoya fruits (99%) are exported to China, the market is too concentrated. It needs to develop other countries to reduce risk.

並列關鍵字

atemoya ； atemoya industry ； night lighting ； artificial pollination

國際替代計量

鳳梨釋迦產期調節研究發展與產業調適

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