氣調技術應用於‘大目’釋迦採後貯運之研究

Studies on Application of Controlled Atmosphere for Transportation of Sugar Apples (Annona squamosa L.)

張家薰(Chia-Hsun Chang)

指導教授 ： 吳俊達

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝暨景觀學系/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202100718

摘要

釋迦(Annona squamosa L.)為番荔枝科熱帶經濟果樹，後熟老化快速(20℃約5天)、高度寒害敏感(<13℃)、病害果腐為其長期貯運的重要障礙，目前主要於國內消費。本試驗以改變大氣組成處理應用於‘大目’釋迦之保鮮及探討延長貯運壽命之效益，並評估回溫後之後熟能力及相關品質。‘大目’釋迦於12℃處理1 μL·L-1 1-MCP，對於呼吸速率及乙烯生成的抑制功效不明顯；反之，相對高溫的20℃處理1-MCP能顯著抑制果實後熟由3天延長至6天。‘大目’釋迦貯藏於15、13、12、11°C，維持綠熟果狀態的天數分別為7-14、14-21、14-21、＞21天，但11°C 貯藏2-3週果皮及鱗目即有褐化寒害徵狀。在13℃貯藏環境，3%氧氣效果最佳，果實回溫後可順利後熟，貯運壽命2-3週；1%氧氣處理貯藏3週以上，果實產生低氧生理障礙造成無法後熟，因此，無氧無吸補償點為1-3%氧氣。低氧高二氧化碳氣調貯藏於12℃保鮮效果類似，經3週貯藏後果實可保持綠熟、無寒害徵狀、回溫後可順利後熟且品質無顯著改變，貯運壽命3-4週。為開發氣調技術於釋迦商業應用技術，進行氣調櫃模擬試驗，‘大目’釋迦於12℃以低氧高二氧化碳氣調貨櫃，可維持綠熟狀態達3-4週，20℃回溫後可順利後熟至可食程度，但後熟期間潛伏性病害是未來須克服的瓶頸。

關鍵字

釋迦 ； 後熟 ； 氣調貯藏 ； 氣調櫃

並列摘要

Fast ripening and senescence (around 5 days at 20℃), extreme chilling sensitivity, (<13℃), and disease breakdown are the major factors that obstacle long-term storage of sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.), a cash crop from Annonaceae; as a consequence, the fruit is almost all consumed domestically in Taiwan. In order to extend postharvest longevity of sugar apples and explore oversea markets, development of practical preservation technologies is urgently needed. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of controlled atmosphere (CA) technology on extending the shelf life of sugar apple and then to evaluate the ripening capability and fruit quality after storage. 'Ta-Mu' sugar apples treated with 1 μL·L-1 1-MCP at 12°C showed insignificant effects on the respiration and ethylene production rates. On the other hand, the fruit ripening was markedly inhibited in the case of 1-MCP fumigated fruits at 20℃. The postharvest life of mature-green sugar apples at 15, 13, 12, 11°C were 7-14, 14-21, 14-21, >21 days, respectively. However, fruit stored at 11°C for 2-3 weeks exhibited the peel browning judged as a chilling injury symptom. In a storage environment of 13°C, 3% oxygen treatment displayed the best preservation effect among the treatments tested. The fruit remained at mature green phase for 2-3 weeks and ripened successfully after moving to 20℃. Contrastively, the samples treated with 1% oxygen for more than 3 weeks showed an anaerobic disorder and failed to ripen properly. Treatments of low concentration oxygen + high
concentration carbon dioxide at 12℃ for a 3 week-storage exhibited similar preservation results, including maintenance of mature green phase, avoidance of chilling injury, and ripening normally with acceptable quality after CA storage. Then, the CA storage conditions were tested and reconfirmed by a CA container simulation experiment. The results of CA container trial also showed that low concentration oxygen + high concentration carbon dioxide at 12°C effectively retarded the ripening for 3 weeks and suppressed the occurrence of chilling injury symptoms. However, high disease incidence during the ripening period is the bottleneck to be overcome in the future.

並列關鍵字

sugar apple ； ripening ； controlled atmosphere storage ； CA container

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