森林生態旅遊之心理健康效益

The Psychological Health Benefits of Forest Ecotourism

王小璘(Hsiao-Lin Wang) ； 張淩綉(Ling-Hsiu Chang)

《健康與建築雜誌》 2卷2期 (2015/06) Pp. 8-17

https://doi.org/10.6299/JHA.2015.2.2.R2.08

摘要

背景：隨著全球產業的升級轉型，觀光產業產值大幅增加，在產業永續發展的思維模式下，「生態旅遊」的概念已為各國政府、專家學者及旅遊業者積極推廣。諸多研究結果指出，某些環境可影響人們的健康效益，健康促進已成為目前的醫療趨勢。森林生態旅遊是否能帶給遊客心理健康效益值得加以探討。目的：探討影響健康效益的環境影響因子及從事森林生態旅遊能獲 得的心理健康效益。方法：以環境復癒（TER）、理性行為（TRA）及計畫行為（TPB）等理論為基礎，採立意取樣法以遊憩行為健康量表對遊客進行問卷調查，以前後測方式針對至溪頭森林遊樂區的遊客進行遊程前後之測試。共取得有效樣本244份。問卷採用類別量表、順序量表及等距量表評定之。結果：背景屬性對受測者之健康狀態與心理健康效益影響顯著；遊客的行為與行為意向之關係不顯著；遊客行為與心理健康效益相關性顯著、復癒環境指標是主要影響健康效益之環境影響因子；遊客在遊程前後之心理反應具有相關性；遊客在遊程前後之心理反應改變量具有顯著差異。結論／實務應用：遊客在參與遊程後之正向情緒、壓力、心理疲勞等心理層面，其健康指數比遊程前平均提高，顯示森林生態旅遊對心理健康具有顯著的改善效益。

關鍵字

生態旅遊 ； 心理健康效益 ； 復癒環境指標 ； 行為意向 ； 計畫行為

並列摘要

Background: Along with the upgrade of global industry, the economic value of the tourism industry has increased tremendously. The concept of an ecotourism industry based on sustainable development has been promoted by governments, scholars and tour operators. Previous research indicates that aspects of the environment could benefits the health of human being. Health promotion has become a trend in medical treatment. It is worth investigating whether forest ecotourism can psychologically benefit tourists. Purposes: To investigate the environmental factors that promote human health and to discover the psychological benefits of forest ecotourism. Methods: Based on the theories of Environment Restoration, Reasoned Action and Planning Behavior, the study uses the purposive sampling of tourists in the Sitou Forest Recreation Area via a 'before and after' investigation with a questionnaire. Categorical Scale、Ordinal Scale and Equal Interval Scale are applied to assess the questionnaire、244 questionnaire are valid. Results: There were significant benefits to the psychological health of tourists from different backgrounds. The behavior of tourists has no significant correlation to behavioral intention. The behavior of tourists has significant correlation to their psychological health benefits. Environmental restoration indicators are the key factors of psychotically health benefits. The psychological reactions of tourists has correlation to their 'before and after ' activities. The level of tourists' psychological change correlates with their 'before and after' activities. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: After tourists participated in eco-tours, the health indicators of positive sentiments, and reduced pressure and psychological fatigue increased on average. The study indicates that participating in forestry ecotours significantly improves tourists' psychological health.

並列關鍵字

Ecotourism ； Psychological Benefit ； Environmental Restoration Indicators ； Behavioral Intention ； Planning Behavior