Trenchless technologies have undergone rapid development in the past 40 years and provide cost effective, low disturbance solutions for many problems in underground utility installation and renewal. The main technologies that have been developed are briefly summarized under three groupings of: (1) New installation techniques; (2) Inspection, location, condition assessment and asset management techniques; and (3) Renewal - including repair, rehabilitation and replacement technologies. The remaining challenges in each area are introduced and some of the key current research efforts to address these challenges are referenced. Following this, cross cutting research issues such as the need for more comprehensive design approaches, and better quality assurance procedures are addressed. While perhaps the rate of introduction of substantially new methods in trenchless technology has slowed over recent years, there remain many challenges and hence many potential areas of advancement in the technologies and their applications.