M. Wigman との比較研究による江口隆哉の舞踊創作法とその系譜

M. Wigman比較研究下的江口隆哉舞蹈創作法及其系譜

二階堂あき子(Akiko NIKAIDO)

《台灣舞蹈研究》 4期 (2008/05) Pp. 1-109

https://doi.org/10.6303/TDRJ.200805_(4).0001

摘要

這份報告的主旨在於經由瑪麗．魏格曼(1886-1973)和江口隆哉(1900-1977)的舞蹈創作方式來探討德國和日本現代舞蹈之間的關係。江口隆哉在德國學成之後成為日本現代舞蹈的先驅。他首開風氣，成為第一位在日本大學教授舞蹈的舞者。舞踏(Butoh)的創始者土方兵，就是承襲自江口的舞蹈流派。江口現代舞的特色在於「形態」和「舞步」被視為只是學習過程中所必須經過的路徑，而每一個動作則是為了融入作品而設計的。一位作家指出魏格曼稱她自己的舞蹈形式為「創造」(Gestaltung)；這篇文章也聲稱江口的看法和魏格曼的「創造」師出同源。我們的研究將會探討江口的理論是否真的就是奠基於這個「創造」手法。魏格曼的即興手法和舞蹈教學法撼動了江口，因此他轉而在日本將這種方式應用在舞蹈創作上。魏格曼的創作方式奠基在源自剎那間的靈感‘而即興產生的「創造」之上。在一件舞蹈作品中，「創造」是一種個人自發的新表現方式。這在1930年代早期的日本舞蹈界是一個很新的想法。「創造」的概念使得新的成官舞蹈「律動」成為江口的每一件舞作的必備條件。在這個基礎之上，江口的手法繼承了「創造」概念，並把它變成他的舞作中最引人注目的特色一一這是一種延續中的創新。

並列摘要

This paper considers the relation between German and Japanese modem dance through the dance creating method of Mary Wigman (1886-1973) and Takaya Eguchi (1900-1977). Eguchi studied in Germany and became the pioneer of Japanese modem dance. He broke ground as the first dance artist education in a Japanese university. The founder of Butoh, Tatsumi Hijikata was born out of Eguchi's dance stream. The feature of Eguchi's modem dance is that ＂'the form of a movement' is eliminated and Eguchi has the opinion that a new movement is produced for every work＂. A writer noted that Mary Wigman, called own form of dance ＂Gestaltung＂. The hypothesis is that the origin of Eguchi's opinion was also the source of Wigman's ＂Gestaltung＂. Through my research I will investigate the ''Gestaltung'' method for creating dance that Wigman and Eguchi describe. Eguchi was impressed by Wigman's improvisation techniques, dance methodology and made the method of making a creative dance in Japan by Eguchi's improvisatorial dancing method. Wigman's creative method wasbasedon producing ＂Gestalt＂ from improvisation by inspiration or flash. In a dance, ＂Gestaltung＂ was a new way of expression that the individual took the lead. Before modem dance, a thing called individual in which feeling did not attract attention. The thought of ＂Gestaltung＂ required the new ＂movement＂ of dance for every work. ＂Gestaltung＂ had taken over Eguchi's dance method as an element of the dance that aimed to innovative thing.