貧戶、救贖、與烏托邦：從高雄「福音新村」之規劃論述實踐為個案之考察談現代主義「社會住宅」提案之在地經驗

蔣雅君 ； 張馨文

《文化研究月報》 98期 (2009/11) Pp. 19-35

摘要

高雄福音新村，乃全台唯一的白色蒙古包貧戶社區住宅群，是在1963年由衛理教會出資，外籍傳教士委由陳其寬建築師負責，漢寶德與華昌宜等共同合作規劃之充滿烏托邦救贖色彩的自治社區，為現代主義「社會住宅」提案在台發展的重要案例，也是前衛性思潮與低收入戶住宅的設計實踐，討論此案對反思台灣的現代建築與規劃史之研究具有重要意義。特別是，此案在1960-2005年代間歷經台灣整體都市化過程的劇烈變動，從戰後政治移民之居住安頓問題，以及教會組織的自治社區規劃，到70年代因中美斷教會之美援力量退守，面對經濟發展帶動城鄉移民與城市轉型，使得此區在1970年代由現代主義的住房烏托邦轉變為「都市貧民窟」，教會與居民針對擁有永久居留權之定義展開延遲十餘年的訴訟，直至2005年教會勝訴，福音新村居民逐步遷出。這樣的歷史過程都讓「福音新村」在都市發展過程充滿異質性的色彩。本弜將從此案之住宅規劃與實踐的彙整出發，繼之以“移植現代性＂的思維，放諸台灣與港、日的住宅供應體系，討論論述現代主義在台執行的特殊經驗與樣貌。

關鍵字

福音新村 ； 現代建築與規劃 ； 社會住宅 ； 貧戶住宅

並列摘要

Gospel Village, is the only one white yurts residential community of poor households in Taiwan, was funded by the Methodist Church in 1963. With the foreign missionaries’ commission, architects Chen, Chi-Kuan were team up with Han, Pao- de and Hua, Chang-Ti for proposing a self-governance’s community plan, a salvation Utopia. This project is a very distinctive ＂social housing＂ program of Modernism in Taiwan, which exploring the potential of the avant-garde ideas and low-income households residential design practice. According, surveying the planning execution and localization process of Gospel Village will gain great significance on modern architecture survey and planning history. In particular, the case across several dramatic urbanization phases from 1960s to 2005. The post-war immigrants living settlement as well as self-governance community buildings proposed by church organizations and modernist architects are the main trend of Gospel Village in the early beginning decade. Since 1970s, a series of American Aid retreated and the diplomatic relations discontinued between USA and Taiwan as well as urban-rural migration following by economy great leap, Gospel Village had already turned into an ＂urban slum＂, the Utopia phenomena was disintegrated accordingly. More than 10 years’ litigation about the definition of ＂permanent resident＂ between village residents and Methodist Church tear down the Modernist Utopia myth. In 2005, the village transformed into high rise apartments and senior citizen day care center due to the Church won the lawsuit, at the same time, the original residents move out. The transformation process has already transformed the Gospel Village as an urban heterotopia in developmental urbanization strategy. This paper tries to focus on the issue of ＂transplanted modernity＂ to review the planning discourse of Gospel Village and compare with the housing production framework with Taiwan, Hong Kong and Japan for further projecting the specific phenomena of Taiwan Modernism.

並列關鍵字

social housing ； Gospel village ； Modern Architecture and Planning ； poor household housing