陳化成與臺灣關係考－兼論孫爾準《臺陽籌筆集》相關詩作

A Study of Chen Huacheng and Taiwan - Related Works in Tai Yang Chou Bi Ji by Sun Er Zhun

郭秋顯(Chiou-shien Guo)

《通識教育學報》 4期 (2016/12) Pp. 153-165

https://doi.org/10.6517/MCUT2016.DEC-07

摘要

陳化成（1776-1842）出身行伍，習水性，精武藝，歷任臺灣水師副將、臺灣總兵、福建水師提督、江南提督，是鴉片戰爭中的抗英名將，道光二十二年（1842年）在上海吳淞口礮臺與英艦力戰，英勇殉難。有關陳化成與新莊故事有「草鞋將軍」、「虎將」的傳說。在新莊流行有關陳化成諺語有「一升升總兵」、「一日升官十三次」等。另新莊行政區命名有「化成路」、「化成里」以資紀念鄉里先賢。其實陳化成與新莊之關係除早年寄居新莊頭前莊親戚家外，最重要乃道光六年（1826）嘉義、彰化匪徒械鬥，彰化賊李通等與粵民黃文潤挾嫌糾眾鬥殺，奸徒誘煽，乘機焚掠數日，延及嘉義，旁近蜂起，全臺震動。閩浙總督孫爾準親駐廈門，五月，命金門鎮總兵陳化成率兵渡鹿仔港圍捕，孫爾準亦自渡海駐彰化督勦。又三灣番割黃斗乃匪亂，遣陳化成及參將黃其漢等分路偵擊，番竄後山，士卒攀藤躡葛而登，擒黃斗乃等二十一人，斬以徇；故孫爾準於十一月起用陳化成為臺灣鎮總兵。《臺陽籌筆集》乃孫爾準於道光六年赴臺平亂之作，本文又據此詩集相關詩作以明此段史實。

關鍵字

陳化成 ； 孫爾準 ； 新莊傳說 ； 臺灣匪亂 ； 在地文史

並列摘要

Chen Huacheng (1776-1842), a military officer familiar with oceanic conditions and skillful in martial arts, served as the naval deputy commander of Taiwan, military commander-in-chief of Taiwan, naval forces commander of Fujian, and provincial military commander of Jiangnan. He gained distinction as a general fighting against the British force during the Opium War. During his brave defense of Shanghai, in the 22nd year of Daoguang's reign (1842), he was killed in a battle at Western Wusong Battery. A number of legends tell the story of Chen in Xinzhuang, such as ＂General Straw Sandal＂ and ＂General Tiger.＂ There are also proverbs related to Chen that circulated in Xinzhuang, including Yi Sheng Sheng Zong Bing (appointment to the rank of military commander-in-chief in one promotion) and Yi Ri Sheng Guan Shi San Ci (promotion from one rank to another thirteen times in one day) Meanwhile, Huacheng Road and Huacheng Community, two administrative districts in Xinzhuang, are named after Chen, in memory of his position of as one of the local elite. Chen once lived in the house of his relatives in Xinzhuang's Touqian village in his early years, and was distinguished for his fight against bandits in Changhua and Chiayi during the sixth year of Daoguang's reign (1826). This was an incident arising from the personal conflicts between the Changhua outlaw Li Tung and Cantonese Huang Wen Run, causing numerous armed fights and days of looting across Changhua, even as far as Chiayi. Responding to the rebellion, Provincial Governor-General Sun Er Zhun of Min-Zhe (Fujiang and Zhejiang) arrived at Amoy, and in May ordered then Jinmen commander-in-chief Chen Huachen to reach the port of Lu Zai Gang to capture the rebels. Later, Sun crossed the sea to supervise the action in Changhua. In another incident at San Wan involving the bandit Huang Dou Nai, a man married to an aboriginal, Chen and his associate general Huang Qi Han were dispatched to strike the rioters in separate directions and drove them into the mountains. A total of 21 rioters were arrested and executed after Chen's soldiers made their way upward through the jungle. Sun thus promoted Chen to military commander-in-chief of Taiwan in the eleventh month of the year. This historical fact is evidenced by Tai Yang Chou Bi Ji, a collection of poetry written by Sun in the sixth year of Daoguang's reign.

並列關鍵字

Chen Huacheng ； Sun Er Zhun ； Xinzhuang Legend ； Taiwan Riots ； Native Culture and History