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菲利普.葛拉斯歌劇《真理之力》之探究

The Study of Philip Glass' Opera, Satyagraha

摘要


菲利普.葛拉斯為20世紀極簡主義大師,1975年他創作歌劇三部曲之一《沙灘上的愛因斯坦》,成為世人矚目的作曲家,1980年他完成第二部《真理之力》,1984年完成第三部《阿肯納頓》。《真理之力》為本論文欲探討的主題,以印度聖雄甘地1890年代於南非的事蹟為劇情主軸,描述甘地率領印度人民向英國殖民政府爭取權利,進行「非暴力抵抗」的運動;歌詞摘錄自印度教經典《薄伽梵歌》並加以改編,音樂由葛拉斯運用西洋樂器,以歐美與印度觀眾都熟悉的音樂語彙,採用北印度音樂的手法進行創作。首先將先簡介作曲家葛拉斯,說明《真理之力》的創作背景與首演,探討《薄伽梵歌》與歌劇中的人物、劇情與歌詞,最後就《真理之力》進行音樂分析,以瞭解葛拉斯的創作手法,以及他如何將北印度音樂的概念融入作品中。

並列摘要


Philip Glass is a maestro of Minimalism in 20^(th) century. He composed the first one of his opera trilogy, Einstein on the Beach in 1975. In 1980, he created the second of the opera trilogy, Satyagraha. Next, he completed the third one, Akhnaten in 1984. The theme of this dissertation is Satyagraha. The main story of this opera focuses on the historical events of Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa in 1890s. He led the Indians to fight for their rights from British colonial government through non-violent resistance. The lyrics of Satyagraha is extracted and adapted from Hinduism Scripture Bhagavad Gītā. Glass makes use of the concepts of Hindustānī Music and the musical idioms which are familiar to Westerns and Indians through western musical instruments. First, I will explain the brief introduction of Glass, the composition background and premiere, Bhagavad Gītā and the characters, plot and lyrics of this opera. Finally, I'll analyze the music of Satyagraha to comprehend the composition techniques of Glass and how he adopted the notions of Hindustānī Music in this masterpiece.

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