宰相遷轉率與國勢關係：以唐高宗至玄宗為例

The Relationship between Prime Minister's Transfer Rate and National Diplomatic Situation: Take Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty as an Example

杜慧卿(Hui-Chin Du)

《通識教育學報》 5期 (2017/12) Pp. 19-36

https://doi.org/10.6517/MCUT.201712_(5).0002

摘要

唐朝從高宗至玄宗時期，共任用222人／次宰相，從中觀察具兩大特色，其一為宰相的遷轉快速；其二為前後朝宰相具有接續現象。基於這兩大特色，顯示宰相人選的倚重，超越君王的世替。唐朝為求解決政事效率，又符合官員比例原則，以諸官加銜，採取眾宰相議事原則。此輔助性策略，具備高度的靈活變化。透過加銜方式，人才的選用，便可多變。如此一來，便可依時局所需，加入各層級的專門人才應變。唐玄宗致力宰相輪替制度化，即位初期，用心宰相人選，成就開元之治。而後制度過於形式，深受人為因素左右，竟然引發安史之亂，正可謂成也宰相制度，敗也宰相制度，應證「君子之德，風；小人之德，草；草上之風，必偃」的政治生態。然而，將制度運作失敗原因，全歸咎玄宗中年後的顢頇，似乎僅著重於君王的治績，忽略官僚系統的功能，其中關聯將為本文研究重點。

關鍵字

宰相 ； 高宗 ； 武后 ； 中宗 ； 睿宗 ； 玄宗

並列摘要

Tang Dynasty was from Gaozong to Xuanzong period, a total of 222 people / prime minister, from which we can observe two major characteristics: first is the rapid transfer speed of prime ministers; second is the continuous phenomenon of the prime ministers. Emperor Xuanzong committed to the dictatorship of institutionalization, ascended the throne, the intention of the prime minister candidates, the achievements of Kaiyuan governance. And then they found the system is too systematized, and always disturbed by the human factors, even lead to Anshi Chaos. It can be said that prime minister system is a good reason for success and it is also can lead defeat. This paper has been focused on the failure of the system operation, which seems only focused on the king’s performances and ignored the function of bureaucratic system.

並列關鍵字

Prime minister ； Gaozong Zhongzong ； Rui Zong ； Xuanzong