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香港1997年回歸後參與政府間國際組織之模式:身份的理論與法源、變遷與現況、我國可參照之處

The Model of Hong Kong's Participation in Intergovernmental Organizations after Return in 1997: Theories and Law Documents for Status, Transitions and Current Situation, and Reference for Taiwan

摘要


香港是世界金融財經中心之一,原本是英國統治的自治領地,對外參與政府間國際組織有其特殊的地位,以代表香港人民在國際社會的利益。自1997年7月後,香港正式回歸中國主權之下,在「一國兩制」的架構成立特別行政區,並使用「中國香港」的名義持續參與政府間國際組織。對此,我國參與政府間國際組織往往顧慮如同「中國香港」般,被中國矮化成「中國台北」或「中國台灣」。本文研究香港回歸後參與政府間國際組織模式,旨在探究香港模式之根本緣由。是故,首先介紹次「國際法人格」與「次國家政府平行外交」的理論,以及回溯香港殖民期的歷史法源、回歸前後《中英聯合聲明》、《基本法》的產生,說明香港參與政府間國際組織的模式;其次,比較香港回歸前與回歸後參與政府間國際組織的變遷,並分析參與之現況;接次,檢視我國對「香港模式」參與政府間組織的顧慮,以及分析我國的可參照香港的平行外交。總結我國未必全盤接受香港模式,但可運用更靈活彈性的平行外交方式,拓展國際關係。

並列摘要


Hong Kong is one of the global financial centers. It was a special territory of the United Kingdom and had participated in intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) with its unique status. After Hong Kong's return to China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) was founded under the policy of "One Country, Two Systems" to keep on taking part in IGOs with the name of "China Hong Kong" as the model. Given the example of SAR, Taiwan is worried about being misinterpreted as "China Taipei" or "China Taiwan." This study traced Hong Kong's model in participating in intergovernmental organizations as follows: First, besides introduction of international legal personality and para-diplomacy, both the history of British Hong Kong and the documents of "Sino-British Joint Declaration" and "the Basic Law of Hong Kong Special Administration Region" are stated. Secondly, with comparison of pre-in-return and post-in-return changes of Hong Kong's model of participation in IGOs, analysis of real-time situations of Hong Kong's IGO participation model is provided. Third, why Taiwan is concerned of the "Hong Kong model" and the advantages of Hong Kong's para-diplomacy are discussed. In summary, Taiwan needs not completely accept or refuse para-diplomacy but can flexibly operate para-diplomacy for widening its international spaces and deepening its international relations.

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