北魏孝文帝之宮闈悲劇

The Royal Tragedy of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty

陳冠穎(Kuan-Ying Chen)

《通識教育學報》 6期 (2018/12) Pp. 211-233

https://doi.org/10.6517/MCUT.201812_(6).0009

摘要

北魏孝文帝對於北魏漢化改革具有重要貢獻，然而，其家庭生活卻不是幸福快樂的結局；貞皇后林氏，生下長子元恂之後，孝文帝祖母馮太后不顧孝文帝的說項，急於執行「立嗣殺母」的祖制，明顯看出馮太后欲複製掌控孝文帝一朝的心思。在馮太后的主導下，使胞兄馮熙的兩個女兒入宮，成為孝文帝嬪妃。沒料到，其一早卒、其一重病，只好讓重病者出家養病。孝文帝因感念馮太后之故，即使在馮太后殯天、守喪三年之後，再度引馮熙女兒入宮，旋立為后，是為廢皇后。不久，孝文帝得知之前因病出家、亦是廢后的姊姊病癒，立刻遣人接回宮，恢復左昭儀地位，並獨享孝文帝的寵愛，進而喧賓奪主，唆使孝文帝廢了毫無過錯的皇后，改立左昭儀為后，是為幽皇后。孝文帝忙於國事，給予幽皇后私養面首高菩薩的機會，又逼迫孝文帝胞妹彭城長公主嫁給自己胞弟馮夙，滿腹委屈的彭城長公主，不僅向胞兄訴苦，也將皇后醜事全盤托出。震驚的孝文帝，經調查屬實之後，交代宗室在他崩世後，再令皇后自縊。留名史冊的北魏孝文帝，卻在臨終前，並無任何一位摯愛在側陪伴，其家庭生活終究以悲劇收場。

關鍵字

北魏 ； 孝文帝 ； 宮闈 ； 文明馮太后 ； 貞皇后林氏 ； 廢皇后馮氏 ； 幽皇后馮氏

並列摘要

While Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty provided key contributions in Chinese reform, his family life was not fated for a happy ending. After Empress Lin gave birth to an eldest son Emperor Xiaowen's grandmother, Empress Dowager Feng hastily ordered ＂killing the mother of the heir＂ in an apparent bid to replicate the actions that controlled the dynasty of Emperor Xiaowen. Under Empress Dowager Feng's guidance, the two daughters of her elder brother Feng Xi entered the palace to become the emperor's concubines where unexpectedly, one experienced death while the other suffered from severe illness and was sent to a temple to tend to her illness. After observing the Empress Dowager's death for 3 years, Emperor Xiaowen once again invited a daughter of Feng Xi to enter the royal palace and appointed her as empress, out of respect for Empress Dowager Feng's wishes. Soon after, Emperor Xiaowen discovered that the elder sister of his new empress, the concubine that entered the temple had recovered from her disease, so she was returned to the palace and reinstated as a concubine. While she enjoyed the full attention of Emperor Xiaowen, she was not content as a concubine and falsely accused the innocent empress to succeed in becoming the empress herself while her younger sister was abolished. As Emperor Xiaowen busied himself with ruling the nation, the new empress used the opportunity to keep a secret lover while also forcing the emperor's niece into marriage with her own brother, Feng Su. The young princess, unhappy with her treatment, divulged her suffering and all of the empress' misdeeds to her father. Emperor Xiaowen was devastated and after confirming the veracity of events, ordered his heir to ensure the empress' suicide after his own death. At the end of his life, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, a man in the annals of history left the world alone without any loved ones to accompany him. His family life concluded in tragedy.

並列關鍵字

Northern Wei Dynasty ； Emperor Xiaowen ； Concubine ； Empress Dowager Feng ； Empress Lin ； Abolished Empress Feng ； Imprisoned Empress Feng