日治時期台人「習醫偏執」所反映的社會意義及其影響

The Social Meaning and Influence of the Taiwanese ＂Monomania to Study Medicine＂ in the Japanese Colonial Period

陳君愷(Chun-Kai Chen)

《文化實踐與社會變遷》 創刊號 (2010/06) Pp. 127-195

https://doi.org/10.30125/CPSC.201006.0004

摘要

日治時期的台灣社會，由於殖民統治者實施民族歧視與差別待遇的政策，造成台人一窩蜂的習醫熱潮，而許多父兄更近乎偏執的強迫子弟習醫，實可謂之為「習醫偏執」。若細考其原因，「習醫偏執」乃脫胎自傳統中國的科舉文化與台灣本身的「重商趨利」傳統，復加上台人家庭中的「親權專制」之推波助瀾所致。這種「習醫偏執」不僅在當時造成「習醫屈殺人才」的現象，也形成「重理工，輕人文」的「學科位階」價值體系，並延續到戰後台灣；從而對戰後台灣社會修習學科的族群分布，以及隨著戰後政治社會結構演變所形成之公、私立大學優劣的價值體系，有著極為深刻的影響。

關鍵字

習醫偏執 ； 升學主義 ； 親權專制 ； 家父長 ； 重商趨利 ； 學科位階

並列摘要

As the colonial rulers during the Japanese period carried out their policy of racial discrimination and unequal treatment, this caused a rush to study medicine in Taiwanese society. Many family heads even went as far as to force their sons to study medicine, a tendency that can actually be designated as a ＂monomania to study medicine＂. If we explore its causes in detail, this ＂monomania to study medicine＂ can be traced to the traditional Chinese examination culture and Taiwan's own tradition of ＂mercantilism and striving for economic gain＂, which was even more enforced by the nepotism. This ＂monomania to study medicine＂ not only led to a ＂destruction of talents＂, it also contributed to the formation of a set of values with a certain ranking of the academic disciplines through its ＂emphasis on science and engineering and neglect of the humanities＂ that continued into post-war Taiwan. It was thereby of profound influence in creating a certain distribution in the study of academic disciplines along ethnic lines in post-war Taiwan. In the wake of political and social developments it also led to the formation of a ranking system of state-run and private universities.

並列關鍵字

monomania to study medicine ； education fanaticism ； patriarchy ； ranking of the academic disciplines ； modern Taiwanese education ； new civil service examination